Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford, 16-17 Saint Ebbe's St, Oxford, OX1 1PT, UK.
J Bioeth Inq. 2022 Jun;19(2):225-237. doi: 10.1007/s11673-021-10163-7. Epub 2022 Feb 7.
Transgender healthcare faces a dilemma. On the one hand, access to certain medical interventions, including hormone treatments or surgeries, where desired, may be beneficial or even vital for some gender dysphoric trans people. But on the other hand, access to medical interventions typically requires a diagnosis, which, in turn, seems to imply the existence of a pathological state-something that many transgender people reject as a false and stigmatizing characterization of their experience or identity. In this paper we argue that developments from the human enhancement debate can help clarify or resolve some of the conceptual and ethical entanglements arising from the apparent conflict between seeking medicine while not necessarily suffering from a pathology or disorder. Specifically, we focus on the welfarist account of human enhancement and argue it can provide a useful conceptual framework for thinking about some of the more contentious disagreements about access to transgender healthcare services.
跨性别者的医疗保健面临两难境地。一方面，对于某些性别焦虑的跨性别者来说，获得某些医疗干预措施（包括激素治疗或手术）可能是有益的，甚至是至关重要的。但另一方面，获得医疗干预措施通常需要一个诊断，而这反过来似乎又意味着存在一种病态——许多跨性别者拒绝这种说法，认为这是对他们的经历或身份的虚假和污名化描述。在本文中，我们认为，从人类增强辩论中得到的发展可以帮助澄清或解决在寻求医疗但不一定患有疾病或障碍的情况下，出现的一些概念和伦理上的纠葛。具体来说，我们专注于人类增强的福利主义观点，并认为它可以为思考一些关于跨性别者医疗保健服务获取的更有争议的分歧提供一个有用的概念框架。
