Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (IIRS), ISRO, Department of Space, Govt. of India, 4-Kalidas Road, Dehradun, India.
Sci Rep. 2022 Feb 8;12(1):2090. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-06043-8.
Stubble burning (SB) has been a major source of seasonal aerosol loading and pollution over northern India. The aftereffects of groundwater preservation act i.e., post 2010 era (2011-2020) has seen delay in crop harvesting thereby shifting the peak SB to May (Wheat SB) and to November (Paddy SB) by 8-10 and 10-12 days compared to pre-2010. Groundwater storage depletion rate of 29.2 mm yr was observed over the region. Post 2010 era shows an increase of 1.4% in wheat SB and 21% in Paddy SB fires over Punjab and Haryana with 70% of PM air mass clusters (high probability > 0.8) advecting to the downwind regions leading to 23-26% increase in PM and 4-6% in aerosol loading over National Capital Region (NCR). Although the objective of water conservation policy was supposed to preserve the groundwater by delaying the paddy transplantation and sowing, on the contrary the implementation of this policy has seen groundwater storage after 2013 depleting at a rate of 29.2 mmyr over these regions. Post policy implementation has led to shift and shrinking of harvest window with increased occurrences in SB fires which also increase associated particulate matter pollution over North India.
茬地焚烧（SB）一直是印度北部季节性气溶胶负荷和污染的主要来源。地下水保护法案实施后的后果，即 2010 年后（2011-2020 年），导致作物收获时间推迟，从而将小麦茬地焚烧的高峰期（SB）推迟了 8-10 天，至 5 月；将水稻茬地焚烧的高峰期（SB）推迟了 10-12 天，至 11 月。该地区的地下水储存耗竭率为 29.2 毫米/年。与 2010 年之前相比，2010 年后，旁遮普邦和哈里亚纳邦的小麦茬地焚烧增加了 1.4%，水稻茬地焚烧增加了 21%，其中 70%的 PM 空气质量团簇（高概率 > 0.8）向顺风区输送，导致 PM 增加 23-26%，国家首都地区（NCR）的气溶胶负荷增加 4-6%。尽管水资源保护政策的目标是通过延迟水稻移栽和播种来保护地下水，但该政策的实施导致这些地区的地下水储存量从 2013 年开始以 29.2 毫米/年的速度消耗。政策实施后，收获窗口发生了变化和缩小，SB 火灾的发生次数增加，这也增加了印度北部的相关颗粒物污染。
