Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Human Flourishing Program, Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
JAMA Netw Open. 2022 Feb 1;5(2):e2147797. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.47797.
Researchers and policy makers are expanding the focus from risk factors of disease to seek potentially modifiable health factors that enhance people's health and well-being. Understanding if and to what degree aging satisfaction (one's beliefs about their own aging) is associated with a range of health and well-being outcomes aligns with the interests of older adults, researchers, health systems, and politicians.
To evaluate associations between changes in aging satisfaction and 35 subsequent health and well-being outcomes.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cohort study used data from the Health and Retirement Study, a national, diverse, and longitudinal sample of 13 752 US adults older than 50 years, to evaluate if changes in aging satisfaction (between combined cohorts from 2008 and 2010 and 4 years later, in 2012 and 2014) were subsequently associated with 35 indicators of physical, behavioral, and psychosocial health and well-being in 2016 and 2018. Statistical analysis was conducted from July 24, 2020, to November 6, 2021.
Aging satisfaction.
A total of 35 physical (eg, stroke), behavioral (eg, sleep problems), and psychosocial (eg, depression) outcomes were evaluated using multiple linear and generalized linear regression models. Data from all participants, irrespective of how their levels of aging satisfaction changed from the prebaseline to baseline waves, were incorporated into the overall estimate, which was conditional on prior satisfaction.
During the 4-year follow-up period, participants (N = 13 752; 8120 women [59%]; mean [SD] age, 65 [10] years; median age, 64 years [IQR, 56-72 years]; 7507 of 11 824 married [64%]) in the highest (vs lowest) quartile of aging satisfaction had improved physical health (eg, 43% reduced risk of mortality [risk ratio, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.46-0.71]), better health behaviors (eg, 23% increased likelihood of frequent physical activity [risk ratio, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.12-1.34]), and improved psychosocial well-being (eg, higher positive affect [β = 0.51; 95% CI, 0.44-0.58] and lower loneliness [β = -0.41; 95% CI, -0.48 to -0.33]), conditional on prebaseline aging satisfaction.
This study suggests that higher aging satisfaction is associated with improved subsequent health and well-being. These findings highlight potential outcomes if scalable aging satisfaction interventions were developed and deployed at scale; they also inform the efforts of policy makers and interventionists who aim to enhance specific health and well-being outcomes. Aging satisfaction may be an important target for future interventions aiming to improve later-life health and well-being.
研究人员和政策制定者正在将关注点从疾病的风险因素扩展到寻找可能改变的健康因素，以增强人们的健康和幸福感。了解衰老满意度（一个人对自己衰老的看法）是否以及在何种程度上与一系列健康和幸福感结果相关，符合老年人、研究人员、卫生系统和政治家的利益。
评估衰老满意度变化与 35 项后续健康和幸福感结果之间的关系。
设计、地点和参与者：本队列研究使用了来自健康与退休研究的数据，这是一项针对美国 13752 名年龄在 50 岁以上的具有不同背景和代表性的成年人的全国性、多样化和纵向样本，以评估衰老满意度的变化（2008 年至 2010 年的联合队列与 4 年后的 2012 年和 2014 年）是否随后与 2016 年和 2018 年的 35 项身体、行为和心理社会健康和幸福感指标相关。统计分析于 2020 年 7 月 24 日至 2021 年 11 月 6 日进行。
衰老满意度。
使用多项线性和广义线性回归模型评估了 35 项身体（如中风）、行为（如睡眠问题）和心理社会（如抑郁）结果。所有参与者的数据均被纳入总体估计值，这些数据无论其衰老满意度在基线前和基线波之间如何变化，均包含在基于先前满意度的条件估计值中。
在 4 年的随访期间，参与者（N=13752；8120 名女性[59%]；平均[标准差]年龄 65[10]岁；中位数年龄 64 岁[IQR，56-72 岁]；已婚[64%]的 11824 人中的 7507 人）在衰老满意度最高（与最低）四分位的人群中，身体健康状况得到改善（例如，死亡率降低 43%[风险比，0.57；95%置信区间，0.46-0.71]），健康行为更好（例如，经常进行体育活动的可能性增加 23%[风险比，1.23；95%置信区间，1.12-1.34]），心理社会幸福感得到改善（例如，积极情绪更高[β=0.51；95%置信区间，0.44-0.58]，孤独感更低[β=-0.41；95%置信区间，-0.48 至-0.33]），基于基线前的衰老满意度。
这项研究表明，较高的衰老满意度与改善后续健康和幸福感相关。这些发现突出了如果开发和大规模部署可扩展的衰老满意度干预措施，可能会带来哪些结果；它们还为旨在增强特定健康和幸福感结果的政策制定者和干预者提供了信息。衰老满意度可能是未来旨在改善晚年健康和幸福感的干预措施的一个重要目标。
