Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Didácticas Especiais, Facultade de Ciencias da Educación e do Deporte, Campus A Xunqueira s/n, 36005, Pontevedra, Spain.
Universidade de Vigo, Grupo de Investigación HealthyFit, Departamento de Didácticas Especiais, Facultade de Ciencias da Educación e do Deporte, Campus A Xunqueira s/n, 36005, Pontevedra, Spain.
Eur Geriatr Med. 2022 Aug;13(4):907-916. doi: 10.1007/s41999-022-00616-6. Epub 2022 Feb 12.
To compare the effects of upper versus the lower-body resistance exercise on cognitive and physical functions of institutionalized older people.
This was a non-randomized multi-center comparative and crossover study (clincialtrials.gov code NCT03831373). Two experimental groups performed a 12-week intervention of resistance exercises with low-intensity elastic bands, one program focused on exercises of the upper body (n = 20, mean age 87.6 ± 6.4 years, 75% women) and the other on the lower body (n = 29, mean age 81.4 ± 7.7 years, 55% women). Following 12 weeks of detraining, the groups performed the other intervention. After another 12 weeks, a follow-up assessment was carried. The control group (n = 19, mean age 81.3 ± 9.5, 68% women) performed a full body stretching exercise program in both phases. Before and after each period, cognitive and physical function was assessed by standardized test (Mini-Mental State Examination, Trail Making test and Phototest; Timed Up and Go, Back Scratch, Chair Sit and Reach and had grip strength, respectively). Intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses were carried.
After the first intervention, significant improvements (p < 0.05) were observed in the cognitive function in both experimental groups, and in the hand grip strength in the group that performed lower-body exercise. After the second phase, all groups showed improvements in lower-body and shoulder flexibility and a significant worsening in hand grip strength. The lower-body exercise group showed a worsening in cognitive function, and the upper-body group in functional mobility and dynamic balance.
Resistance exercise with elastic bands showed beneficial effects on cognitive function and functional independence in institutionalized older adults. While upper body exercises seemed to be more effective on cognitive function, lower limb exercises showed better results on physical function parameters.
比较上半身与下半身抗阻运动对机构老年人认知和身体功能的影响。
这是一项非随机多中心对照交叉研究（clincialtrials.gov 编号 NCT03831373）。两组实验组进行了为期 12 周的低强度弹性带抗阻运动干预，一组专注于上半身运动（n=20，平均年龄 87.6±6.4 岁，75%为女性），另一组专注于下半身运动（n=29，平均年龄 81.4±7.7 岁，55%为女性）。12 周的停训后，两组进行了另一项干预。12 周后进行随访评估。对照组（n=19，平均年龄 81.3±9.5，68%为女性）在两个阶段都进行全身拉伸运动。在每个阶段前后，通过标准化测试（简易精神状态检查、连线测试和光测试；计时起身行走测试、背部搔抓测试、椅子坐下和伸手测试以及握力测试）评估认知和身体功能。进行意向治疗和方案分析。
第一次干预后，两组的认知功能均有显著改善（p<0.05），下半身运动组的手部握力也有显著改善。第二次干预后，所有组的下肢和肩部柔韧性都有所提高，手部握力显著下降。下半身运动组的认知功能恶化，上半身运动组的功能性移动性和动态平衡恶化。
弹性带抗阻运动对机构老年人的认知功能和功能独立性有有益影响。虽然上半身运动似乎对认知功能更有效，但下肢运动对身体功能参数的效果更好。
