Zargar Sajad Majeed, Mir Rakeeb Ahmad, Ebinezer Leonard Barnabas, Masi Antonio, Hami Ammarah, Manzoor Madhiya, Salgotra Romesh K, Sofi Najeebul Rehman, Mushtaq Roohi, Rohila Jai Singh, Rakwal Randeep
Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, BGSB University, Rajouri, India.
Front Plant Sci. 2022 Jan 27;12:803603. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.803603. eCollection 2021.
Drought differs from other natural disasters in several respects, largely because of the complexity of a crop's response to it and also because we have the least understanding of a crop's inductive mechanism for addressing drought tolerance among all abiotic stressors. Overall, the growth and productivity of crops at a global level is now thought to be an issue that is more severe and arises more frequently due to climatic change-induced drought stress. Among the major crops, rice is a frontline staple cereal crop of the developing world and is critical to sustaining populations on a daily basis. Worldwide, studies have reported a reduction in rice productivity over the years as a consequence of drought. Plants are evolutionarily primed to withstand a substantial number of environmental cues by undergoing a wide range of changes at the molecular level, involving gene, protein and metabolite interactions to protect the growing plant. Currently, an in-depth, precise and systemic understanding of fundamental biological and cellular mechanisms activated by crop plants during stress is accomplished by an umbrella of -omics technologies, such as transcriptomics, metabolomics and proteomics. This combination of multi-omics approaches provides a comprehensive understanding of cellular dynamics during drought or other stress conditions in comparison to a single -omics approach. Thus a greater need to utilize information (big-omics data) from various molecular pathways to develop drought-resilient crop varieties for cultivation in ever-changing climatic conditions. This review article is focused on assembling current peer-reviewed published knowledge on the use of multi-omics approaches toward expediting the development of drought-tolerant rice plants for sustainable rice production and realizing global food security.
干旱在几个方面不同于其他自然灾害，这主要是由于作物对干旱的反应复杂，而且在所有非生物胁迫因素中，我们对作物应对耐旱性的诱导机制了解最少。总体而言，现在认为全球作物的生长和生产力是一个因气候变化引起的干旱胁迫而更加严重且更频繁出现的问题。在主要作物中，水稻是发展中世界的一种主要主食谷类作物，对维持日常人口数量至关重要。在世界范围内，研究报告称多年来干旱导致水稻生产力下降。植物在进化过程中通过在分子水平上经历广泛的变化，包括基因、蛋白质和代谢物相互作用，来抵御大量环境信号，以保护生长中的植物。目前，通过转录组学、代谢组学和蛋白质组学等一系列组学技术，能够深入、精确且系统地了解作物在胁迫期间激活的基本生物学和细胞机制。与单一组学方法相比，这种多组学方法的组合能全面了解干旱或其他胁迫条件下的细胞动态。因此，更需要利用来自各种分子途径的信息（大数据组学数据）来培育适应不断变化气候条件的耐旱作物品种。这篇综述文章聚焦于汇集当前经过同行评审发表的关于使用多组学方法加速耐旱水稻植株开发以实现可持续水稻生产和全球粮食安全的知识。
