Panlilio Leigh V, Lee Anysia, Smith Kirsten E, Epstein David H
Real-world Assessment, Prediction, and Treatment Unit, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States.
Drug Alcohol Depend Rep. 2022 Mar;2:100024. doi: 10.1016/j.dadr.2022.100024. Epub 2022 Jan 31.
Social restrictions and other stressors related to the Covid-19 pandemic disrupted daily life in ways that might have increased drug use and undermined mental health. We investigated whether such changes depended on the amount and quality of a person's social activity. We also evaluated the popular idea that effects of pandemic-related restrictions would depend on introversion; to this end, we used self-described introversion as a proxy for preferred frequency of social activity.
Between September 2020 and March 2021, we obtained online-survey data from 2615 respondents who retrospectively reported alcohol, opioid, or psychostimulant use. We analyzed (1) changes in drug use and entrapment (a psychological construct linked to suicidality) as a function of introversion and the frequency and quality of social activity, and (2) changes in drug use as a function of change in entrapment.
Most felt more entrapped during the pandemic, but only a minority increased drug use. Generally: (1) entrapment and drug use increased in respondents unsatisfied with their social activity, (2) introversion and frequency of activity had less influence than satisfaction, (3) introverts reported more symptoms of entrapment, anxiety, depression, and loneliness than non-introverts, (4) when social activity was frequent and unsatisfying, psychostimulant use increased in introverts and opioid use increased in extraverts, (5) alcohol use increased in those who felt increased entrapment, and (6) alcohol and opioid use decreased in those who felt decreased entrapment.
Satisfactory social activity (even in small amounts) was associated with better outcomes, mostly without regard to introversion.
与新冠疫情相关的社交限制和其他压力源扰乱了日常生活，其方式可能增加了药物使用并损害了心理健康。我们调查了这些变化是否取决于一个人的社交活动量和质量。我们还评估了一种普遍观点，即与疫情相关的限制措施的影响将取决于内向性格；为此，我们将自我描述的内向性格作为社交活动偏好频率的替代指标。
在2020年9月至2021年3月期间，我们从2615名受访者那里获得了在线调查数据，这些受访者回顾性报告了酒精、阿片类药物或精神兴奋剂的使用情况。我们分析了：（1）药物使用和陷入困境（一种与自杀倾向相关的心理结构）的变化，作为内向性格以及社交活动频率和质量的函数；（2）药物使用的变化，作为陷入困境变化的函数。
大多数人在疫情期间感觉更陷入困境，但只有少数人增加了药物使用。一般来说：（1）对社交活动不满意的受访者中，陷入困境和药物使用增加；（2）内向性格和活动频率的影响小于满意度；（3）内向者比非内向者报告了更多的陷入困境、焦虑、抑郁和孤独症状；（4）当社交活动频繁但不令人满意时，内向者的精神兴奋剂使用增加，外向者的阿片类药物使用增加；（5）感觉陷入困境增加的人酒精使用增加；（6）感觉陷入困境减少的人酒精和阿片类药物使用减少。
令人满意的社交活动（即使量少）与更好的结果相关，大多与内向性格无关。
