Ding Qiongling, Wu Zixuan, Tao Kai, Wei Yaoming, Wang Weiyan, Yang Bo-Ru, Xie Xi, Wu Jin
State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China.
Mater Horiz. 2022 May 10;9(5):1356-1386. doi: 10.1039/d1mh01871j.
Multiple stretchable materials have been successively developed and applied to wearable devices, soft robotics, and tissue engineering. Organohydrogels are currently being widely studied and formed by dispersing immiscible hydrophilic/hydrophobic polymer networks or only hydrophilic polymer networks in an organic/water solvent system. In particular, they can not only inherit and carry forward the merits of hydrogels, but also have some unique advantageous features, such as anti-freezing and water retention abilities, solvent resistance, adjustable surface wettability, and shape memory effect, which are conducive to the wide environmental adaptability and intelligent applications. This review first summarizes the structure, preparation strategy, and unique advantages of the reported organohydrogels. Furthermore, organohydrogels can be optimized for electro-mechanical properties or endowed with various functionalities by adding or modifying various functional components owing to their modifiability. Correspondingly, different optimization strategies, mechanisms, and advanced developments are described in detail, mainly involving the mechanical properties, conductivity, adhesion, self-healing properties, and antibacterial properties of organohydrogels. Moreover, the applications of organohydrogels in flexible sensors, energy storage devices, nanogenerators, and biomedicine have been summarized, confirming their unlimited potential in future development. Finally, the existing challenges and future prospects of organohydrogels are provided.
多种可拉伸材料已相继被开发并应用于可穿戴设备、软体机器人和组织工程。有机水凝胶目前正受到广泛研究，它是通过将不混溶的亲水性/疏水性聚合物网络或仅亲水性聚合物网络分散在有机/水溶剂体系中形成的。特别是，它们不仅可以继承和发扬水凝胶的优点，还具有一些独特的优势特性，如抗冻和保水能力、耐溶剂性、可调节的表面润湿性和形状记忆效应，这有利于其广泛的环境适应性和智能应用。本文综述首先总结了已报道的有机水凝胶的结构、制备策略和独特优势。此外，由于有机水凝胶具有可改性的特点，通过添加或修饰各种功能组分，可以对其机电性能进行优化或赋予其各种功能。相应地，详细描述了不同的优化策略、机制和前沿进展，主要涉及有机水凝胶的力学性能、导电性、粘附性、自愈性能和抗菌性能。此外，还总结了有机水凝胶在柔性传感器、储能设备、纳米发电机和生物医学方面的应用，证实了它们在未来发展中的无限潜力。最后，给出了有机水凝胶目前存在的挑战和未来前景。
