Klatka Janusz, Szkatuła-Łupina Anna, Hymos Anna, Klatka Maria, Mertowska Paulina, Mertowski Sebastian, Grywalska Ewelina, Charytanowicz Małgorzata, Błażewicz Anna, Poniewierska-Baran Agata, Bębnowska Dominika, Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej Paulina
Department of Otolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8 St., 20-954 Lublin, Poland.
Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
Cancers (Basel). 2022 Jan 18;14(3):480. doi: 10.3390/cancers14030480.
Due to the development of molecular diagnostic techniques, the latest research in the diagnosis of cancer diseases, including laryngeal cancer, has been focused on the occurrence of specific types of molecular patterns, including markers expressed on cells of the immune system (e.g., PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4), which may be directly or indirectly involved in the development of neoplastic diseases. Laryngeal cancer is one of the diseases that is diagnosed more often in men than in women, and many factors are involved in its development, including environmental and lifestyle factors, viral infections (e.g., HPV, HHV-1, and EBV), and disorders of the immune system. In this study, we determined the level of PD-1 receptor expression on T and B lymphocytes and their relationships based on the classification of the grade and TNM scale, in turn based on blood, tumor, and lymph node samples from patients diagnosed with laryngeal cancer. In addition, we determined the presence of EBV genetic material in the tested biological materials as well as the degree of cancer advancement and its correlation with the level of PD-1 receptor expression. The results suggested that the level of PD-1 expression on T and B lymphocytes was significantly higher in the tumor samples as compared to the lymph node samples, and their comparison with the immunophenotype results from the blood samples provided statistically significant data on changes in the incidence of individual subpopulations of T and B lymphocytes and the level of PD-1 receptor expression. The analysis of the individual parameters of the TNM scale also showed significant changes between the PD-1 expression and the tested biological material in individual subgroups of the scale. We also found that the expression of PD-1 on the CD4+ T cells from the lymph node samples caused an almost 1.5-fold increase in the risk of death. In the analyses of the presence of EBV, the highest concentration was recorded in the tumor samples, then for the lymph node samples, and followed by the blood samples. Furthermore, we showed that the presence of EBV genetic material was positively correlated with the level of PD-1 expression in the tested biological materials.
由于分子诊断技术的发展，包括喉癌在内的癌症疾病诊断方面的最新研究集中在特定类型分子模式的出现上，这些模式包括在免疫系统细胞上表达的标志物（例如PD-1、PD-L1和CTLA-4），它们可能直接或间接参与肿瘤疾病的发展。喉癌是男性比女性更常被诊断出的疾病之一，其发展涉及许多因素，包括环境和生活方式因素、病毒感染（例如HPV、HHV-1和EBV）以及免疫系统紊乱。在本研究中，我们根据分级和TNM分期标准，依次基于诊断为喉癌患者的血液、肿瘤和淋巴结样本，确定了T和B淋巴细胞上PD-1受体的表达水平及其相互关系。此外，我们还确定了测试生物材料中EBV遗传物质的存在情况以及癌症进展程度及其与PD-1受体表达水平的相关性。结果表明，与淋巴结样本相比，肿瘤样本中T和B淋巴细胞上PD-1的表达水平显著更高，将它们与血液样本的免疫表型结果进行比较，提供了关于T和B淋巴细胞各个亚群发生率变化以及PD-1受体表达水平的统计学显著数据。TNM分期标准各个参数的分析还显示，该分期各个亚组中PD-1表达与测试生物材料之间存在显著变化。我们还发现，淋巴结样本中CD4 + T细胞上PD-1的表达导致死亡风险增加近1.5倍。在对EBV存在情况的分析中，肿瘤样本中记录的浓度最高，其次是淋巴结样本，然后是血液样本。此外，我们表明，EBV遗传物质的存在与测试生物材料中PD-1的表达水平呈正相关。
