Lianou Daphne T, Michael Charalambia K, Gougoulis Dimitris A, Cripps Peter J, Vasileiou Natalia G C, Solomakos Nikolaos, Petinaki Efthymia, Katsafadou Angeliki I, Angelidou Elisavet, Arsenopoulos Konstantinos V, Papadopoulos Elias, Albenzio Marzia, Mavrogianni Vasia S, Caroprese Mariangela, Fthenakis George C
Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece.
Faculty of Animal Science, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece.
Foods. 2022 Feb 2;11(3):443. doi: 10.3390/foods11030443.
This paper presents the results of an extensive countrywide investigation performed in 325 dairy sheep flocks and 119 goat herds throughout Greece. The objectives of the study were (a) to investigate fat and protein content in the bulk-tank raw milk of small ruminant farms in Greece and (b) to identify factors potentially influencing that content and factors that can contribute to increased content. The mean fat/protein contents in bulk-tank raw milk of sheep and goats were 6.16 ± 0.05%/4.43 ± 0.01% and 4.77 ± 0.44%/3.23 ± 0.30%, respectively. Significant differences were seen in protein content between farms in the various parts of the country. For sheep, multivariable analyses revealed breed and age of lamb removal from dams as significant for fat content, and somatic cell counts, management system in the farm, administration of anthelmintic treatment during the last stage of pregnancy, and farmer education as significant for protein content. For goats, significant factors were month into lactation period, age of kid removal from dams, and breed for fat content, and somatic cell counts, month into lactation, grazing duration, and % larvae in faecal samples for protein content. For concurrently high fat and protein content, in multivariable analyses, the following emerged as significant factors: somatic cell counts in milk, numbers of parasite eggs in faeces, and veterinary collaboration (sheep), and month into lactation and somatic cell counts in milk (goats). The results indicate that high somatic cell counts in milk (reflecting the presence of mastitis) and gastrointestinal parasitic infections (mainly infection) appear to exert a more significant influence on fat and protein content of milk, in comparison to non-infection-related factors.
本文介绍了在希腊全国范围内对325个奶羊群和119个山羊群进行的广泛调查结果。该研究的目的是：(a)调查希腊小型反刍动物农场的大罐原料乳中的脂肪和蛋白质含量；(b)确定可能影响该含量的因素以及可能导致含量增加的因素。绵羊和山羊大罐原料乳中的平均脂肪/蛋白质含量分别为6.16±0.05%/4.43±0.01%和4.77±0.44%/3.23±0.30%。该国不同地区的农场之间在蛋白质含量上存在显著差异。对于绵羊，多变量分析显示，羔羊断奶的品种和年龄对脂肪含量有显著影响，而体细胞计数、农场管理系统、怀孕后期的驱虫治疗以及农民教育程度对蛋白质含量有显著影响。对于山羊，显著因素包括泌乳期月份、羔羊断奶年龄和品种对脂肪含量的影响，以及体细胞计数、泌乳期月份、放牧时间和粪便样本中的幼虫百分比对蛋白质含量的影响。对于脂肪和蛋白质含量同时较高的情况，在多变量分析中，以下因素成为显著因素：牛奶中的体细胞计数、粪便中的寄生虫卵数量以及兽医合作（绵羊），以及泌乳期月份和牛奶中的体细胞计数（山羊）。结果表明，与非感染相关因素相比，牛奶中高体细胞计数（反映乳腺炎的存在）和胃肠道寄生虫感染（主要是感染）似乎对牛奶的脂肪和蛋白质含量产生更显著的影响。
