Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Málaga, Arquitecto Francisco Peñalosa, 3, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Sciences University of Cádiz, 11002 Cádiz, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jan 20;19(3):1160. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19031160.
The main objective of this systematic review of the current literature is to analyze the changes that blood flow restriction (BFR) causes in subjects with neuro-musculoskeletal and/or systemic pathologies focusing on the following variables: strength, physiological changes, structural changes and cardiocirculatory variables. The search was carried out in seven databases, including randomized clinical trials in which therapeutic exercise was combined with the blood flow restriction tool in populations with musculoskeletal pathologies. Outcome variables are strength, structural changes, physiological changes and cardiocirculatory variables. Twenty studies were included in the present study. Although there is a lot of heterogeneity between the interventions and evaluation instruments, we observed how the restriction of blood flow presents significant differences in the vast majority of the variables analyzed. In addition, we observed how BFR can become a supplement that provides benefits when performed with low intensity, similar to those obtained through high-intensity muscular efforts. The application of the BFR technique can provide benefits in the short and medium term to increase strength, muscle thickness and cardiovascular endurance, even improving the physiological level of the cardiovascular system. In addition, BFR combined with low-load exercises also achieves benefits comparable to high-intensity exercises without the application of BFR, benefiting patients who are unable to lift high loads.
本系统综述的主要目的是分析血流限制（BFR）在神经肌肉骨骼和/或系统性疾病患者中引起的变化，重点关注以下变量：力量、生理变化、结构变化和心血管变量。检索了包括随机临床试验在内的七个数据库，这些试验将血流限制工具与肌肉骨骼疾病人群中的治疗性运动相结合。结果变量为力量、结构变化、生理变化和心血管变量。本研究共纳入 20 项研究。尽管干预措施和评估工具之间存在很大的异质性，但我们观察到血流限制在分析的绝大多数变量中呈现出显著差异。此外，我们还观察到 BFR 如何成为一种补充手段，在低强度下进行时可提供类似于高强度肌肉努力所获得的益处。BFR 技术的应用可在短期内和中期内提供增加力量、肌肉厚度和心血管耐力的益处，甚至改善心血管系统的生理水平。此外，BFR 结合低负荷运动也可实现与不应用 BFR 的高强度运动相当的益处，使无法举高负荷的患者受益。
