Multiple Sclerosis Centre, 1st Division of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy.
Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy.
Neurol Sci. 2022 Jul;43(7):4373-4380. doi: 10.1007/s10072-022-05908-0. Epub 2022 Feb 15.
The relationship between dietary habits and multiple sclerosis (MS) risk is still controversial. Most studies have involved populations from Scandinavia, North America, and Australia. Data on populations from southern Europe (an area of high MS prevalence) are scarce.
To examine the association between dietary habits/nutritional status and risk of a first demyelinating event, in a southern European incident cohort.
In this incident case-control study, a detailed nutritional assessment was performed by a registered dietitian in patients with a first demyelinating event, and in age-/sex-matched controls. Body composition analysis, anthropometric evaluation, and blood tests for nutritional status were also performed.
Eighty-three patients with a first demyelinating event were prospectively recruited over a 1-year period. Low intake of fibers (OR 0.846, p = 0.014), vitamin D (OR 0.730, p < 0.0001), and alpha-linolenic acid (OR 0.283, p = 0.014), high BMI (OR 1.132, p = 0.028), and ever smoker status (OR 4.472, p = 0.003) were all independently associated with risk of a first demyelinating event. Higher intake of rapid absorption carbohydrates, lower intake of vegetal proteins, and higher intake of animal proteins were observed in patients with a first demyelinating event.
Significant differences between patients and controls are observed in the dietary habits at the time of a first demyelinating event, suggesting low intake of fibers, vitamin D and alpha-linolenic acid as the main dietary risk factors. Furthermore, high cardiovascular risk dietary habits are frequent at the time of MS onset, suggesting the usefulness of nutritional intervention as part of the activities of MS centers.
饮食习惯与多发性硬化症（MS）风险之间的关系仍存在争议。大多数研究涉及来自斯堪的纳维亚、北美和澳大利亚的人群。有关南欧人群（MS 高发地区）的数据很少。
在南欧的一个发病队列中，研究饮食习惯/营养状况与首次脱髓鞘事件风险之间的关系。
在这项发病病例对照研究中，由注册营养师对首次发生脱髓鞘的患者和年龄/性别匹配的对照者进行详细的营养评估。还进行了身体成分分析、人体测量评估和血液营养状况检查。
在 1 年期间前瞻性招募了 83 例首次发生脱髓鞘的患者。低纤维摄入（OR 0.846，p = 0.014）、维生素 D（OR 0.730，p < 0.0001）和α-亚麻酸（OR 0.283，p = 0.014）、高 BMI（OR 1.132，p = 0.028）和既往吸烟状态（OR 4.472，p = 0.003）与首次发生脱髓鞘的风险均独立相关。首次发生脱髓鞘的患者中，快速吸收碳水化合物的摄入量较高，植物蛋白的摄入量较低，动物蛋白的摄入量较高。
在首次发生脱髓鞘时，患者与对照者的饮食习惯存在显著差异，表明低纤维、维生素 D 和α-亚麻酸的摄入可能是主要的饮食危险因素。此外，在 MS 发病时经常存在心血管风险较高的饮食习惯，提示营养干预作为 MS 中心活动的一部分可能具有实用性。
