Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele MI, Italy.
Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano MI, Italy.
Life Sci Alliance. 2022 Feb 15;5(6). doi: 10.26508/lsa.202201381. Print 2022 Jun.
SARS-CoV-2 vaccination has proven effective in inducing an immune response in healthy individuals and is progressively us allowing to overcome the pandemic. Recent evidence has shown that response to vaccination in some vulnerable patients may be diminished, and it has been proposed a booster dose. We tested the kinetic of development of serum antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein, their neutralizing capacity, the CD4 and CD8 IFN-γ T-cell response in 328 subjects, including 131 immunocompromised individuals (cancer, rheumatologic, and hemodialysis patients), 160 health-care workers (HCW) and 37 subjects older than 75 yr, after vaccination with two or three doses of mRNA vaccines. We stratified the patients according to the type of treatment. We found that immunocompromised patients, depending on the type of treatment, poorly respond to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines. However, an additional booster dose of vaccine induced a good immune response in almost all of the patients except those receiving anti-CD20 antibody. Similarly to HCW, previously infected and vaccinated immunocompromised individuals demonstrate a stronger SARS-CoV-2-specific immune response than those who are vaccinated without prior infection.
SARS-CoV-2 疫苗已被证明可在健康个体中有效诱导免疫应答，并逐步帮助我们克服这一大流行病。最近的证据表明，一些脆弱患者对疫苗的反应可能减弱，因此有人提出了加强针。我们测试了 328 名受试者（包括 131 名免疫功能低下者（癌症、风湿病和血液透析患者）、160 名医护人员（HCW）和 37 名 75 岁以上的受试者）接种两剂或三剂 mRNA 疫苗后，血清中针对 SARS-CoV-2 刺突蛋白的抗体的产生动力学、中和能力以及 CD4 和 CD8 IFN-γ T 细胞应答。我们根据治疗类型对患者进行分层。我们发现，免疫功能低下的患者，根据治疗类型，对 SARS-CoV-2 mRNA 疫苗的反应不佳。然而，除了接受抗 CD20 抗体治疗的患者外，额外的疫苗加强针诱导了几乎所有患者的良好免疫应答。与 HCW 相似，先前感染和接种疫苗的免疫功能低下者比未感染而仅接种疫苗的个体表现出更强的 SARS-CoV-2 特异性免疫应答。
