Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, Finland.
Genes Brain Behav. 2022 Apr;21(4):e12798. doi: 10.1111/gbb.12798. Epub 2022 Feb 16.
We investigated whether temperament modifies an association between polygenic intelligence potential and cognitive test performance in midlife. The participants (n = 1647, born between 1962 and 1977) were derived from the Young Finns Study. Temperament was assessed with Temperament and Character Inventory over a 15-year follow-up (1997, 2001, 2007, 2012). Polygenic intelligence potential was assessed with a polygenic score for intelligence. Cognitive performance (visual memory, reaction time, sustained attention, spatial working memory) was assessed with CANTAB in midlife. The PGSI was significantly associated with the overall cognitive performance and performance in visual memory, sustained attention and working memory tests but not reaction time test. Temperament did not correlate with polygenic score for intelligence and did not modify an association between the polygenic score and cognitive performance, either. High persistence was associated with higher visual memory (B = 0.092; FDR-adj. p = 0.007) and low harm avoidance with higher overall cognitive performance, specifically better reaction time (B = -0.102; FDR-adj; p = 0.007). The subscales of harm avoidance had different associations with cognitive performance: higher "anticipatory worry," higher "fatigability," and lower "shyness with strangers" were associated with lower cognitive performance, while the role of "fear of uncertainty" was subtest-related. In conclusion, temperament does not help or hinder one from realizing their genetic potential for intelligence. The overall modest relationships between temperament and cognitive performance advise caution if utilizing temperament-related information e.g. in working-life recruitments. Cognitive abilities may be influenced by temperament variables, such as the drive for achievement and anxiety about test performance, but they involve distinct systems of learning and memory.
我们研究了气质是否会改变多基因智力潜能与中年认知测试表现之间的关联。参与者（n=1647，出生于 1962 年至 1977 年之间）来自 Young Finns 研究。在 15 年的随访中（1997 年、2001 年、2007 年、2012 年），使用《气质与性格问卷》评估气质。使用智力多基因评分评估多基因智力潜能。使用 CANTAB 在中年评估认知表现（视觉记忆、反应时间、持续注意力、空间工作记忆）。PGSI 与整体认知表现以及视觉记忆、持续注意力和工作记忆测试的表现显著相关，但与反应时间测试无关。气质与智力的多基因评分无关，也不能改变多基因评分与认知表现之间的关联。高坚持力与更高的视觉记忆（B=0.092；FDR 调整后 p=0.007）相关，而低回避与更高的整体认知表现相关，特别是更好的反应时间（B=-0.102；FDR 调整后 p=0.007）。回避的子量表与认知表现有不同的关联：更高的“预期性担忧”、更高的“疲劳”和更低的“对陌生人害羞”与更低的认知表现相关，而“对不确定性的恐惧”的作用与子测试相关。总之，气质并不能帮助或阻碍一个人实现其智力的遗传潜力。气质与认知表现之间的整体适度关系表明，如果在工作场所招聘等方面利用与气质相关的信息，需要谨慎行事。认知能力可能受到气质变量的影响，例如成就的动力和对测试表现的焦虑，但它们涉及到不同的学习和记忆系统。
