Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2022 Feb 16;17(9):1361-1370. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2021-0165. Print 2022 Sep 1.
To investigate the impact of eastward travel across 7 time zones on sleep, jet lag, and recovery in elite soccer athletes.
Twenty-one male and 20 female athletes (21.5 [1.7] y) traveled from Ireland to Taiwan to represent their national team at the World University Games 2017. Daily monitoring via actigraphy and subjective sleep and well-being measures were obtained for 1 week in Ireland (baseline), and for the duration of an international soccer tournament (days 1-5 [precompetition] and days 6-18 [competition]).
Sleep duration (P = .028) and time in bed (P = .006) were significantly lower at precompetition compared with baseline. Sleep quality (P < .001) was significantly decreased in precompetition compared with baseline and competition. Subjective jet lag symptoms continued for up to 13 days posttravel. Athletes reported significantly greater fatigue during precompetition compared with competition (P = .005); however, there were no significant differences for recovery (P = .35) and readiness to train (P = .35). Sleep hygiene changed significantly during precompetition and competition compared with baseline in relation to reduced electronic device use (P = .005) and reduced caffeine intake (P < .001). Females reported significantly greater presleep tension-anxiety compared with males at all timepoints (P = .02).
Long-haul eastward travel across 7 time zones has a significant impact on sleep duration and quality, likely related to changes in sleep patterns and jet lag. Athletes report changes in sleep hygiene posttravel; however, sleep remained negatively impacted for up to 5 days. Despite significant sleep disturbance and jet lag symptoms, young healthy athletes appear to recover well from long-haul travel; however, it is unknown if this interferes with training and competition performance.
研究跨 7 个时区向东旅行对精英足球运动员的睡眠、时差反应和恢复的影响。
21 名男性和 20 名女性运动员（21.5[1.7]岁）从爱尔兰前往中国台湾代表国家队参加 2017 年世界大学生运动会。在爱尔兰（基线）和国际足球比赛期间（比赛前 5 天[precompetition]和比赛 6-18 天[competition]），通过活动记录仪和主观睡眠及健康测量进行每周 1 次的日常监测。
与基线相比，比赛前的睡眠时间（P=0.028）和卧床时间（P=0.006）显著降低。与基线和比赛相比，比赛前的睡眠质量（P<0.001）显著下降。时差反应症状持续时间最长可达旅行后 13 天。与比赛相比，运动员在比赛前报告疲劳感显著增加（P=0.005）；然而，在恢复（P=0.35）和准备训练（P=0.35）方面没有显著差异。与基线相比，比赛前和比赛期间睡眠卫生习惯在减少电子设备使用（P=0.005）和减少咖啡因摄入（P<0.001）方面发生了显著变化。与男性相比，女性在所有时间点的入睡前紧张焦虑（P=0.02）显著更高。
跨 7 个时区的长途东行旅行对睡眠持续时间和质量有显著影响，可能与睡眠模式的改变和时差反应有关。运动员报告旅行后睡眠卫生习惯发生变化；然而，睡眠仍受到负面影响长达 5 天。尽管睡眠受到严重干扰和时差反应症状，但年轻健康的运动员似乎能从长途旅行中很好地恢复；然而，尚不清楚这是否会干扰训练和比赛表现。
