Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The 8th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China.
Front Immunol. 2022 Jan 31;13:830497. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.830497. eCollection 2022.
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by . As a result of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the global TB mortality rate in 2020 is rising, making TB prevention and control more challenging. Vaccination has been considered the best approach to reduce the TB burden. Unfortunately, BCG, the only TB vaccine currently approved for use, offers some protection against childhood TB but is less effective in adults. Therefore, it is urgent to develop new TB vaccines that are more effective than BCG. Accumulating data indicated that peptides or epitopes play essential roles in bridging innate and adaptive immunity and triggering adaptive immunity. Furthermore, innovations in bioinformatics, immunoinformatics, synthetic technologies, new materials, and transgenic animal models have put wings on the research of peptide-based vaccines for TB. Hence, this review seeks to give an overview of current tools that can be used to design a peptide-based vaccine, the research status of peptide-based vaccines for TB, protein-based bacterial vaccine delivery systems, and animal models for the peptide-based vaccines. These explorations will provide approaches and strategies for developing safer and more effective peptide-based vaccines and contribute to achieving the WHO's End TB Strategy.
结核病（TB）是一种由 引起的传染病。由于 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行，2020 年全球结核病死亡率正在上升，这使得结核病的预防和控制更加具有挑战性。接种疫苗被认为是减少结核病负担的最佳方法。不幸的是，目前唯一被批准用于结核病的疫苗卡介苗（BCG）对儿童结核病有一定的保护作用，但对成年人的效果较差。因此，迫切需要开发比 BCG 更有效的新结核病疫苗。越来越多的数据表明，肽或表位在桥接先天免疫和适应性免疫以及触发适应性免疫方面发挥着重要作用。此外，生物信息学、免疫信息学、合成技术、新材料和转基因动物模型的创新为结核病的基于肽疫苗研究提供了动力。因此，本综述旨在概述可用于设计基于肽疫苗的现有工具、基于肽的结核病疫苗的研究现状、基于蛋白质的细菌疫苗传递系统和基于肽的疫苗的动物模型。这些探索将为开发更安全、更有效的基于肽的疫苗提供方法和策略，有助于实现世卫组织的终止结核病战略。
