Worke Mulugeta Dile, Koricha Zewdie Birhanu, Debelew Gurmesa Tura
Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
Department of Population and Family Health, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
Arch Public Health. 2022 Feb 18;80(1):59. doi: 10.1186/s13690-022-00828-z.
Sexual harassment among female employees in the hospitality industry is a complex phenomenon, and it has ramifications for employment, psychological, physical, and reproductive health. Nevertheless, our interpretation is constrained by a lack of agreement on its definition and measurement. As a result, hospitality workplaces require accurate tools that provide a detailed understanding of sexual harassment and inputs for action to limit adverse outcomes. Thus, this study aimed to develop a reliable and valid measure of female hospitality employees' perceptions, experiences, and coping features concerning sexual harassment.
Item development, scale development, and scale evaluation were all parts of the design process. Following a round of feedback from the expert group, qualitative results, and a comprehensive literature review on related themes, item pools were created for the first version of the questionnaire. Pre-testing, survey administration, item reduction, and transformation of extracted latent factors of individual items into a unified and measurable construct were also performed. Field testing included five cognitive interviews with women who had experienced sexual harassment, a pre-test study of 30 women, and a survey of 345 women who worked in hospitality workplaces. Finally, tests for dimensionality, reliability, and validity were conducted.
In Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, 345 women working in the hospitality workplaces, with a mean age of 24.31 ± 4.30 years, took part in this study. The robust maximum likelihood estimation approach was used to do confirmatory factor analysis. The model's stability was determined by calculating the goodness of fit and the factorial invariance. Subsequently, the validity was confirmed. The findings supported the validity and reliability of the questionnaires designed for the target group. Therefore, the questionnaires can be used as research instruments.
The sexual harassment perceptions, experiences and coping scales provide a locally verified method for assessing sexual harassment in Ethiopia by government authorities and local and international non-governmental organisations, which aid in providing necessary services and the evaluation of efforts aimed at improving workplace safety, workplace health, and psychosocial well-being.
酒店行业女性员工遭受性骚扰是一个复杂的现象，对就业、心理、身体和生殖健康都有影响。然而，由于对其定义和衡量缺乏共识，我们的理解受到限制。因此，酒店工作场所需要准确的工具，以便详细了解性骚扰情况并为采取行动以限制不良后果提供依据。因此，本研究旨在开发一种可靠且有效的测量工具，以了解酒店女性员工对性骚扰的认知、经历和应对特点。
设计过程包括项目开发、量表开发和量表评估。在专家组一轮反馈、定性结果以及对相关主题的全面文献综述之后，为问卷的第一版创建了项目池。还进行了预测试、调查实施、项目缩减以及将各个项目提取的潜在因素转化为一个统一且可衡量的结构。现场测试包括对5名遭受过性骚扰的女性进行认知访谈、对30名女性进行预测试研究以及对345名在酒店工作场所工作的女性进行调查。最后，进行了维度、信度和效度测试。
在埃塞俄比亚的巴赫达尔，345名在酒店工作场所工作的女性参与了本研究，她们的平均年龄为24.31±4.30岁。采用稳健最大似然估计方法进行验证性因素分析。通过计算拟合优度和因子不变性来确定模型的稳定性。随后，效度得到了证实。研究结果支持了为目标群体设计的问卷的效度和信度。因此，这些问卷可作为研究工具使用。
性骚扰认知、经历和应对量表为埃塞俄比亚政府当局以及当地和国际非政府组织评估性骚扰提供了一种经过本地验证的方法，有助于提供必要服务以及评估旨在改善工作场所安全、工作场所健康和心理社会福祉的努力。
