Wieczorek Dorota, Żyszka-Haberecht Beata, Kafka Anna, Lipok Jacek
Department of Pharmacy and Ecological Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052, Opole, Poland.
Plant Methods. 2022 Feb 21;18(1):22. doi: 10.1186/s13007-022-00854-6.
Although the spectrum of effective methods and techniques that allow determination of inorganic or total phosphorus is impressive, more precise analysis of these substances in plant tissues is not a routine or trivial task. The complexity of chemical composition of plant tissues treated as the analytical matrices is thought to be the main cause why there is no one answer, how appropriate phosphorus compounds may be determined qualitatively and quantitatively. Even if more advanced spectrophotometric measurements and classical variants of absorption (FAAS) or emission (ICP-AES/ ICP-OES) spectrometry techniques are used, it is necessary at first to isolate various forms of phosphorus from the matrix, and then to mineralize them prior the determination. Significant progress in such a kind of analytical efforts was brought by implementation of combined methods e.g. ETV-ICP-AES or HR-ETAAS, does allow the isolation of the phosphorus analyte and its detection during a kind of "one step" analytical procedure, directly in plant tissues. Similar benefits, regarding sensitivity of determinations, are obtained when XRF, SIMS or nanoSIMS-more expensive techniques of imaging the presence of phosphorus in biological matrices have been used. Nowadays, obviously being aware of higher limit of detection, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, especially the P NMR technique, is thought to be the most universal analytical tool allowing to determine various chemical forms of plant phosphorus qualitatively and quantitatively, at the same time. Although P NMR provides valuable information about the phosphorus profile of plants, it should be emphasized that each analytical issue related to the determination of phosphorus compounds in plant tissues and organs, requires an individual approach to defined problem.
尽管能够测定无机磷或总磷的有效方法和技术种类繁多令人印象深刻，但对植物组织中这些物质进行更精确的分析并非一项常规或简单的任务。被视为分析基质的植物组织化学成分复杂，这被认为是为何对于如何定性和定量测定合适的磷化合物没有统一答案的主要原因。即使使用更先进的分光光度测量以及吸收（火焰原子吸收光谱法）或发射（电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法/电感耦合等离子体质谱法）光谱技术的经典变体，首先也有必要从基质中分离出各种形式的磷，然后在测定之前将它们矿化。诸如电热蒸发-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法或高分辨电热原子吸收光谱法等联用方法的实施，在这类分析工作中取得了显著进展，确实能够在一种“一步式”分析程序中直接在植物组织中分离并检测磷分析物。当使用X射线荧光光谱法、二次离子质谱法或纳米二次离子质谱法（在生物基质中成像磷存在的更昂贵技术）时，在测定灵敏度方面也能获得类似的益处。如今，显然由于意识到检测限较高，核磁共振光谱法，尤其是磷核磁共振技术，被认为是最通用的分析工具，能够同时定性和定量地测定植物磷的各种化学形式。尽管磷核磁共振能提供有关植物磷谱的有价值信息，但应该强调的是，与植物组织和器官中磷化合物测定相关的每个分析问题，都需要针对特定问题采取个别方法。
