视网膜发育中的 Müller 胶质细胞：从特化到回路整合。

Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States.

Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States.

Front Neural Circuits. 2022 Feb 4;15:815923. doi: 10.3389/fncir.2021.815923. eCollection 2021.

Müller glia of the retina share many features with astroglia located throughout the brain including maintenance of homeostasis, modulation of neurotransmitter spillover, and robust response to injury. Here we present the molecular factors and signaling events that govern Müller glial specification, patterning, and differentiation. Next, we discuss the various roles of Müller glia in retinal development, which include maintaining retinal organization and integrity as well as promoting neuronal survival, synaptogenesis, and phagocytosis of debris. Finally, we review the mechanisms by which Müller glia integrate into retinal circuits and actively participate in neuronal signaling during development.

视网膜的 Müller 胶质细胞与大脑中遍布的星形胶质细胞有许多共同特征，包括维持内稳态、调节神经递质溢出以及对损伤的强烈反应。在这里，我们介绍了控制 Müller 胶质细胞特化、模式形成和分化的分子因素和信号事件。接下来，我们讨论了 Müller 胶质细胞在视网膜发育中的各种作用，包括维持视网膜组织和完整性以及促进神经元存活、突触形成和碎片吞噬。最后，我们回顾了 Müller 胶质细胞整合到视网膜回路中并在发育过程中积极参与神经元信号传递的机制。