Departamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 36-D, Santiago, Chile.
Sci Rep. 2022 Feb 21;12(1):2407. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-06390-6.
Metabolic energy consumption has long been thought to play a major role in the aging process (Pearl, The rate of living. University of London Press, London, 1928). Across species, a gram of tissue expends approximately the same amount of energy during the lifespan on average (Speakman, J Exp Biol 208:1717-1730, 2005). Energy restriction has also been shown to increase the maximum lifespan (McCay et al. J Nutr 10:63-79, 1935) and to retard age-associated changes (Weindruch and Walford, The retardation of aging and disease by dietary restriction. CC Thomas, Springfield, 1988). However, there are significant exceptions to universal energy consumption during the lifespan, mainly found by interclass comparison (Ramsey et al. Free Rad Biol Med 29:946-968, 2000; Atanasov, Trakia J Sci 10(3):1-14, 2012). Here, we present a universal relation that relates lifespan energy consumption to several physiological variables, such as body mass, temperature and the ratio of heart rate to respiratory rate, which have been shown to be valid for [Formula: see text] species representing different classes of living organisms, from unicellular organisms to the largest mammals. This relation has an average scattered pattern restricted to factors of 2, with 95% ([Formula: see text]) of the organisms having departures of less than a factor of [Formula: see text] from the relation, despite the difference of [Formula: see text] orders of magnitude in body mass, reducing any possible interclass variation in the relation to only a geometrical factor. This result can be interpreted as supporting evidence for the existence of an approximately constant total number [Formula: see text] of respiration cycles per lifetime for all organisms studied, effectively predetermining the extension of life through the basic energetics of respiration (quantified by [Formula: see text]); this is an incentive to conduct future studies on the relation of such a constant number [Formula: see text] of cycles per lifetime due to the production rates of free radicals and oxidants or alternative mechanisms, which may yield definite constraints on the origin of aging.
长期以来，人们一直认为代谢能量消耗在衰老过程中起着重要作用（Pearl，《生活率》。伦敦大学出版社，伦敦，1928）。在不同物种中，组织在寿命期间平均消耗大约相同数量的能量（Speakman，J Exp Biol 208:1717-1730, 2005）。能量限制也已被证明可以延长最大寿命（McCay 等人，J Nutr 10:63-79, 1935）并延缓与年龄相关的变化（Weindruch 和 Walford，《通过饮食限制延缓衰老和疾病》。CC 托马斯，斯普林菲尔德，1988）。然而，在寿命期间普遍存在能量消耗的显著例外情况，主要通过类间比较发现（Ramsey 等人，Free Rad Biol Med 29:946-968, 2000；Atanasov，Trakia J Sci 10(3):1-14, 2012）。在这里，我们提出了一个普遍的关系，将寿命能量消耗与几个生理变量联系起来，例如体重、温度和心率与呼吸率的比值，这些变量已被证明适用于代表不同生物类群的[Formula: see text]种，从单细胞生物到最大的哺乳动物。该关系具有平均分散模式，限制在因子 2 内，95%（[Formula: see text]）的生物体与该关系的偏差小于因子[Formula: see text]，尽管体重的数量级差异很大，但将关系中的任何可能的类间变化仅减少到几何因子。这一结果可以解释为支持存在一个大约恒定的总呼吸周期数[Formula: see text]的证据，每个生物体在其一生中都有这种呼吸周期数，这有效地通过呼吸的基本能量学来决定生命的延长（通过[Formula: see text]来量化）；这是进行有关每个寿命周期中这种恒定周期数[Formula: see text]的关系的未来研究的动力，因为自由基和氧化剂或替代机制的产生速率可能对衰老的起源产生明确的限制。
