Carley Riley is with the Department of Clinical Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH. Jeph Herrin, Harlan M. Krumholz, and Brita Roy are with the Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. Veronica Lam is with Flying Buttress Associates, Charlottesville, VA. Allison A. Parsons is with the Division of Critical Care, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati. George A. Kaplan is with the School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Diana Liu and Dan Witters are with the Gallup Organization, Washington, DC.
Am J Public Health. 2022 Mar;112(3):509-517. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2021.306589.
To describe national- and county-level trends and variation in a novel measure of hope. Using data from the Gallup National Health and Well-Being Index (n = 2 766 728), we summarized the difference between anticipated life satisfaction (ALS) and current life satisfaction (CLS), measured by the Cantril Self-Anchoring Scale, for each year from 2008 to 2020 and by county over two 5-year periods in the United States. Across all years, there was a significant positive trend in the difference between ALS and CLS for the nation ( = .024), which remained positive but not significant when we excluded 2020. Maintenance of ALS with a decrease in CLS drove the 2020 increase. From 2008-2012 to 2013-2017, 14.5% of counties with 300 or more responses (n = 599) experienced an increase in the difference of more than 1 SD, whereas 13.9% experienced a more than 1 SD decrease. Fifty-two counties experienced decreases in ALS and CLS. Responding to trends in the gap between ALS and CLS at national and local levels is essential for the collective well-being of our nation, especially as we navigate and emerge from crisis.
描述一种新的希望指标的国家和县级趋势和变化。利用盖洛普国家健康与幸福感指数（n=2766728）的数据，我们总结了预期生活满意度（ALS）和当前生活满意度（CLS）之间的差异，通过 Cantril 自我定位量表测量，每年从 2008 年到 2020 年，以及美国两个 5 年期间的每个县。在所有年份，全国 ALS 和 CLS 之间的差异呈显著正趋势（=0.024），当我们排除 2020 年时，这一趋势仍然是积极的，但并不显著。CLS 下降但 ALS 维持不变，导致 2020 年这一差距增加。从 2008-2012 年到 2013-2017 年，在有 300 个或更多回复的县中，有 14.5%（n=599）的县差异增加超过 1 个标准差，而有 13.9%的县差异减少超过 1 个标准差。52 个县的 ALS 和 CLS 都有所下降。响应 ALS 和 CLS 之间差距的趋势对于我们国家的集体福祉至关重要，尤其是在我们应对和摆脱危机的过程中。
