SantAnna João Paulo Cortez, Pedrinelli André, Hernandez Arnaldo José, Fernandes Tiago Lazzaretti
Grupo de Medicina do Esporte, Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
Centro de Excelência Médica da FIFA, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
Rev Bras Ortop (Sao Paulo). 2022 Jan 20;57(1):1-13. doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1731417. eCollection 2022 Feb.
Skeletal muscle tissue has the largest mass in the human body, accounting for 45% of the total weight. Muscle injuries can be caused by bruising, stretching or laceration. The current classification divides these injuries into mild, moderate and severe. The signs and symptoms of grade I lesions are edema and discomfort; grade II, loss of function, gaps and possible ecchymosis; and grade III, complete rupture, severe pain and extensive hematoma. The diagnosis can be confirmed by ultrasound, which is dynamic and cheap, but examiner dependent; and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which provides better anatomical definition. The initial phase of the treatment consists in protection, rest, optimal use of the affected limb, and cryotherapy. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), ultrasound therapy, strengthening and stretching after the initial phase and range of motion without pain are used in the clinical treatment. On the other hand, surgery has precise indications: hematoma drainage and muscle-tendon reinsertion and reinforcement.
骨骼肌组织是人体中质量最大的组织，占总体重的45%。肌肉损伤可能由挫伤、拉伸或撕裂引起。目前的分类将这些损伤分为轻度、中度和重度。I级损伤的体征和症状是水肿和不适；II级是功能丧失、间隙和可能的瘀斑；III级是完全断裂、剧痛和广泛血肿。诊断可以通过超声来确认，超声动态且价格低廉，但依赖检查者；也可以通过磁共振成像（MRI）来确认，MRI能提供更好的解剖学清晰度。治疗的初始阶段包括保护、休息、合理使用患肢以及冷冻疗法。临床治疗中会使用非甾体抗炎药（NSAIDs）、超声疗法、初始阶段后的强化和拉伸以及无痛的活动范围训练。另一方面，手术有明确的指征：血肿引流以及肌腱重新附着和加固。
