Acosta Joie, Chinman Matthew, Tharp Andra, Baker Jack, Flaspohler Paul, Fortson Beverly, Kerr Amy, Lamont Andrea, Meyer Amanda, Smucker Sierra, Wargel Katelyn, Wandersman Abraham
RAND Corporation, 1200 South Hayes St., Arlington, VA 22202, USA.
U.S. Department of Defense, Sexual Assault Prevention and Response Office, USA.
Prev Med Rep. 2022 Feb 5;26:101723. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101723. eCollection 2022 Apr.
Sexual violence affects millions of Americans, and approximately one out of every three women and one out of every four men have experienced sexual violence during their lifetime. While prevention efforts have focused on implementing specific programmatic approaches, there has been relatively little focus on developing comprehensive and effective approaches to reduce sexual assault prevention across an organization. This study describes the development of the Prevention Evaluation Framework, an assessment targeting organizational best practices for comprehensive sexual assault prevention across multiple domains including human resources, collaborative relationships and infrastructure, use of evidence-informed approaches, quality implementation and continuous evaluation of programs/policies. Using the structured RAND/University of California, Los Angeles appropriateness method to develop the assessment, we conducted a literature review and solicited expert feedback about what a comprehensive organizational approach to sexual assault prevention should entail. We then pilot tested the assessment with 3 United States military service academies; and continued to improve and adapt the assessment to a range of organizations with input from 6 Department of Defense headquarters organizations, and 9 universities across the country. Given the nascent state of the evidence about what makes an effective organizational approach to sexual assault prevention, the assessment reflects one way of promoting quality in this evolving field. The consistency between the experts' ratings and the literature, and the relevance of the items across organizations suggest that the assessment provides important guidance to inform the development of comprehensive organizational approaches to sexual assault prevention and to the evaluation of ongoing efforts.
性暴力影响着数百万美国人，大约每三名女性和每四名男性中就有一人在其一生中经历过性暴力。虽然预防工作侧重于实施具体的方案方法，但相对较少关注制定全面有效的方法以在整个组织中减少性侵犯预防工作。本研究描述了预防评估框架的开发，这是一种针对组织最佳实践的评估，涉及多个领域的综合性性侵犯预防，包括人力资源、合作关系和基础设施、循证方法的使用、项目/政策的高质量实施和持续评估。我们使用结构化的兰德/加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校适宜性方法来开发该评估，进行了文献综述，并就全面的组织性侵犯预防方法应包含的内容征求了专家意见。然后，我们在美国三所军事院校对该评估进行了试点测试；并在来自国防部六个总部组织和全国九所大学的意见输入下，继续改进和调整该评估以适用于一系列组织。鉴于关于什么构成有效的组织性侵犯预防方法的证据尚处于初期阶段，该评估反映了在这个不断发展的领域中提升质量的一种方式。专家评分与文献之间的一致性，以及各组织项目的相关性表明，该评估为制定全面的组织性侵犯预防方法和评估正在进行的工作提供了重要指导。
