Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Division of Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
Vet Clin Pathol. 2022 Mar;51(1):18-44. doi: 10.1111/vcp.13117. Epub 2022 Feb 24.
Heterophils and neutrophils are important first cellular responders to inflammatory conditions. In addition to quantitative shifts in the numbers of these cells in blood, inflammatory disease states often have accompanying increases in immature precursor stages (left shift) and/or evidence of toxic change on blood film evaluation. Recognition of left shift and toxic change morphologies is a salient diagnostic finding with clinical relevance across species. The objectives of this report are to (a) review heterophil and neutrophil function and structure across the vertebrate animal kingdom, (b) compare morphologic features of left shift and toxic change in heterophils and neutrophils of non-mammalian vertebrates (NMV) to mammals, (c) provide an image guide demonstrating the breadth of morphologic diversity of heterophil and neutrophil lineages in health and disease across taxa, and (d) discuss practical considerations for clinical pathologists and other professionals involved in the recognition and interpretation of observations in the inflammatory leukogram of NMV.
嗜中性粒细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞是对炎症条件的重要初始细胞反应者。除了血液中这些细胞数量的定量变化外，炎症疾病状态通常伴随着不成熟前体细胞阶段的增加（左移）和/或血液涂片评估中有毒变化的证据。对左移和中毒形态的识别是一种具有临床相关性的显著诊断发现，在不同物种中均有体现。本报告的目的是：(a) 综述脊椎动物王国中嗜中性粒细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞的功能和结构，(b) 比较非哺乳动物脊椎动物（NMV）和哺乳动物嗜中性粒细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞左移和中毒形态特征，(c) 提供一个图像指南，展示健康和疾病状态下跨分类群的嗜中性粒细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞谱系的形态多样性，(d) 讨论临床病理学家和其他参与 NMV 炎症白细胞计数中观察结果识别和解释的专业人员的实际考虑因素。
