Louis John Philip
Louis Counselling & Training Services, Pte. Ltd., 339159 Singapore, Singapore.
Children (Basel). 2022 Jan 26;9(2):159. doi: 10.3390/children9020159.
The parenting typology of Baumrind, Maccoby and Martin is based on variations in warmth and control and consists of three negative parenting styles labelled authoritarian, neglectful, and permissive. This parenting typology is based on normal variations of parenting but did not include dimensions arising from deviant parenting (e.g., abuse and neglect). A parenting typology has emerged based on the schema therapy model through the development of the Young Parent Inventory (YPI-R3), which represents a fuller range of maladaptive parenting spanning the deviant to normal range of the parenting continuum. Using six international, community, nonclinical samples with separate ratings for mothers and fathers from the USA, = 259, 281; South Africa, = 318, 372; Nigeria, = 328, 344; India, = 277, 289; Singapore, 592, 628; and Malaysia, = 222, 229, results showed that the best second order higher factor solution of the ten YPI-R3 subscales was a three factor solution that runs parallel to, and resembles, the three negative parenting styles of Baumrind, Macobby and Martin. This factor structure was also shown to be a consistent and cross-culturally acceptable model among the countries from which the samples were drawn. The resemblance and implications of both parenting models were discussed.
鲍姆林德、麦科比和马丁的养育方式分类法基于温暖和控制程度的差异，包括三种消极养育方式，分别称为专制型、忽视型和放任型。这种养育方式分类法基于养育方式的正常差异，但未包括异常养育方式（如虐待和忽视）所产生的维度。通过编制青少年养育方式量表（YPI-R3），基于图式疗法模型出现了一种养育方式分类法，该量表代表了从异常到正常养育连续体范围内更全面的适应不良养育方式。使用来自美国、南非、尼日利亚、印度、新加坡和马来西亚的六个国际社区非临床样本，分别对母亲和父亲进行评分（美国：n = 259、281；南非：n = 318、372；尼日利亚：n = 328、344；印度：n = 277、289；新加坡：n = 592、628；马来西亚：n = 222、229），结果表明，十个YPI-R3分量表的最佳二阶高阶因子解是一个三因子解，它与鲍姆林德、麦科比和马丁的三种消极养育方式平行且相似。在抽取样本的国家中，这种因子结构也被证明是一个一致且跨文化可接受的模型。文中讨论了两种养育方式模型的相似性及影响。
