Karashima Shigehiro, Osaka Issey
Institute of Liberal Arts and Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 921-1192, Japan.
Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu 939-0398, Japan.
J Clin Med. 2022 Feb 12;11(4):956. doi: 10.3390/jcm11040956.
Steroids are present in all animals and plants, from mammals to prokaryotes. In the medical field, steroids are commonly classified as glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and gonadal steroid hormones. Monitoring of hormones is useful in clinical and research fields for the assessment of physiological changes associated with aging, disease risk, and the diagnostic and therapeutic effects of various diseases. Since the discovery and isolation of steroid hormones, measurement methods for steroid hormones in biological samples have advanced substantially. Although immunoassays (IAs) are widely used in daily practice, mass spectrometry (MS)-based methods have been reported to be more specific. Steroid hormone measurement based on MS is desirable in clinical practice; however, there are several drawbacks, including the purchase and maintenance costs of the MS instrument and the need for specialized training of technicians. In this review, we discuss IA- and MS-based methods currently in use and briefly present the history of steroid hormone measurement. In addition, we describe recent advances in IA- and MS-based methods and future applications and considerations.
类固醇存在于所有动植物中，从哺乳动物到原核生物。在医学领域，类固醇通常分为糖皮质激素、盐皮质激素和性腺甾体激素。激素监测在临床和研究领域对于评估与衰老、疾病风险以及各种疾病的诊断和治疗效果相关的生理变化很有用。自从类固醇激素被发现和分离以来，生物样品中类固醇激素的测量方法有了很大进展。虽然免疫测定法（IAs）在日常实践中被广泛使用，但据报道基于质谱（MS）的方法更具特异性。基于质谱的类固醇激素测量在临床实践中是可取的；然而，存在几个缺点，包括质谱仪器的购买和维护成本以及对技术人员进行专门培训的需求。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了目前使用的基于免疫测定法和质谱的方法，并简要介绍了类固醇激素测量的历史。此外，我们描述了基于免疫测定法和质谱的方法的最新进展以及未来的应用和考虑因素。
