Eckstein Max Lennart, Schwarzinger Melanie, Haupt Sandra, Wachsmuth Nadine Bianca, Zimmer Rebecca Tanja, Sourij Harald, Zimmermann Paul, Zunner Beate Elisabeth Maria, Aberer Felix, Moser Othmar
Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany.
Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
J Clin Med. 2022 Feb 18;11(4):1070. doi: 10.3390/jcm11041070.
The aim of this systematic review was to investigate how individuals with metabolic diseases respond to combat sports and if they are feasible, safe, and applicable. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, from inception until 22 January 2021. Studies were included if combat sport exercise sessions were clearly defined and participants had the following types of metabolic disease: type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, overweight, and obesity. Eleven studies, involving 472 participants of all age groups with type 1 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, overweight, or obesity were included in this systematic review. No studies involving combat sports and individuals with type 2 diabetes were found. Combat sports showed improved HbA levels over time in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus, which was not significantly different compared to the control group ( = 0.57). During the follow-up period, glycaemic variability decreased in those actively participating in combat sports. Fat-mass was higher in athletes performing combat sports with metabolic syndrome, compared to athletes without an increased cardiometabolic risk. In overweight/obese adolescents, combat sports showed improved parameters of physical fitness, cardio autonomic control, strength, and body composition compared to control groups. In all studies included in this systematic review, no adverse event associated with combat sports was reported. In conclusion, combat sports are safe and feasible in individuals with diabetes and/or obesity. For individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus, no recommendations can be made, due to the lack of evidence in this cohort. Future studies investigating combat sports and metabolic diseases should aim for a structured exercise regimen and acknowledge the experience of the participants prior to starting an exercise intervention involving combat sports.
本系统评价的目的是调查患有代谢性疾病的个体如何应对格斗运动，以及这些运动是否可行、安全且适用。在PubMed数据库中进行了一项系统的文献检索，检索时间从数据库建立至2021年1月22日。纳入标准为格斗运动训练课程明确界定，且参与者患有以下类型的代谢性疾病：1型或2型糖尿病、代谢综合征、超重和肥胖。本系统评价纳入了11项研究，涉及472名所有年龄组患有1型糖尿病、代谢综合征、超重或肥胖的参与者。未发现涉及格斗运动与2型糖尿病患者的研究。对于1型糖尿病患者，随着时间推移，格斗运动使糖化血红蛋白（HbA）水平有所改善，与对照组相比差异无统计学意义（P = 0.57）。在随访期间，积极参与格斗运动的患者血糖变异性降低。与没有增加心脏代谢风险的运动员相比，患有代谢综合征且进行格斗运动的运动员脂肪量更高。与对照组相比，在超重/肥胖青少年中，格斗运动在体能、心脏自主控制、力量和身体成分方面的参数有所改善。在本系统评价纳入的所有研究中，均未报告与格斗运动相关的不良事件。总之，格斗运动对糖尿病和/或肥胖患者是安全可行的。由于该队列缺乏证据，对于2型糖尿病患者无法给出建议。未来关于格斗运动与代谢性疾病的研究应采用结构化运动方案，并在开始涉及格斗运动的运动干预前了解参与者的经验。
