Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, IRCAN, Nice, France.
Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Nat Ecol Evol. 2022 Apr;6(4):448-460. doi: 10.1038/s41559-022-01671-9. Epub 2022 Feb 24.
Domestication of plants and animals is the foundation for feeding the world human population but can profoundly alter the biology of the domesticated species. Here we investigated the effect of domestication on one of our prime model organisms, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, at a species-wide level. We tracked the capacity for sexual and asexual reproduction and the chronological life span across a global collection of 1,011 genome-sequenced yeast isolates and found a remarkable dichotomy between domesticated and wild strains. Domestication had systematically enhanced fermentative and reduced respiratory asexual growth, altered the tolerance to many stresses and abolished or impaired the sexual life cycle. The chronological life span remained largely unaffected by domestication and was instead dictated by clade-specific evolution. We traced the genetic origins of the yeast domestication syndrome using genome-wide association analysis and genetic engineering and disclosed causative effects of aneuploidy, gene presence/absence variations, copy number variations and single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Overall, we propose domestication to be the most dramatic event in budding yeast evolution, raising questions about how much domestication has distorted our understanding of the natural biology of this key model species.
动植物的驯化是养活世界人口的基础，但它可以深刻地改变驯化物种的生物学特性。在这里，我们在全物种范围内研究了驯化对我们主要模式生物之一酵母的影响。我们跟踪了 1011 个经过基因组测序的酵母分离株的有性和无性繁殖能力以及时序寿命，并发现驯化菌株和野生菌株之间存在显著的二分法。驯化系统地增强了发酵和降低了呼吸性无性生长，改变了对许多压力的耐受性，并使有性生命周期失效或受损。时序寿命在很大程度上不受驯化的影响，而是由特定进化的分支决定的。我们使用全基因组关联分析和基因工程追踪了酵母驯化综合征的遗传起源，并揭示了非整倍体、基因存在/缺失变异、拷贝数变异和单核苷酸多态性的因果效应。总的来说，我们提出驯化是出芽酵母进化中最引人注目的事件，这引发了人们的疑问，即驯化在多大程度上扭曲了我们对这个关键模式物种自然生物学的理解。
