Department of Biomaterials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
Department of Advanced Functional Materials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
J Periodontal Res. 2022 Jun;57(3):510-518. doi: 10.1111/jre.12980. Epub 2022 Feb 25.
The clinical outcomes of guided tissue regeneration (GTR) or guided bone regeneration (GBR) procedures can be impaired if a bacterial infection develops at the surgical site. Membrane exposure is one of the causes of the onset of bacterial infection. Previously, we have fabricated a poly(lactic acid/caprolactone) (PLCL) bilayer membrane composed of a porous layer and a compact layer. The compact layer acts as a barrier against connective tissue and epithelial cells, and we hypothesized that it could also be an effective barrier against bacterial cells. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of the PLCL bilayer membrane to block bacterial cell penetration, which would be useful for preventing postoperative infections.
Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus mutans, and multispecies bacteria collected from human saliva were used in this study. Bacteria were seeded directly on the compact layer of a PLCL bilayer membrane, and bacterial adhesion to the membrane, as well as penetration into the membrane's structure, were assessed. Bacterial adhesion was evaluated by the number of colonies formed at 6, 24, and 72 h, and penetration was observed using a scanning electron microscope at 24 and 72 h. Commercially available membranes, composed of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) or type I collagen, were used as controls.
P. gingivalis, S. mutans, and the multispecies bacteria obtained from human saliva adhered onto all the membranes after only 6 h of incubation. However, fewer adherent cells were observed for the PLCL bilayer membrane compared with the controls for all experimental periods. The PLCL membrane was capable of blocking bacterial penetration, and no bacterial cells were observed in the structure. In contrast, bacteria penetrated both the control membranes and were observed at depths of up to 80 µm after 72 h of incubation.
Membrane characteristics may influence how bacterial colonization occurs. The PLCL membrane had reduced bacterial adhesion and blocked bacterial penetration, and these characteristics could contribute to a favorable outcome for regenerative treatments. In the event of membrane exposure at GTR/GBR surgical sites, membranes with an efficient barrier function, such as the PLCL bilayer membrane, could simplify the management of GTR/GBR complications.
如果手术部位发生细菌感染，引导组织再生（GTR）或引导骨再生（GBR）的临床效果可能会受到影响。膜暴露是细菌感染发生的原因之一。先前，我们已经制备了一种由多孔层和致密层组成的聚（乳酸-己内酯）（PLCL）双层膜。致密层作为结缔组织和上皮细胞的屏障，我们假设它也可以作为细菌细胞的有效屏障。本研究的目的是评估 PLCL 双层膜阻止细菌细胞渗透的能力，这对于预防术后感染很有用。
本研究使用牙龈卟啉单胞菌、变形链球菌和从人唾液中收集的多菌种细菌。将细菌直接接种到 PLCL 双层膜的致密层上，评估细菌对膜的粘附以及穿透膜结构的能力。通过在 6、24 和 72 小时形成的菌落数评估细菌粘附，在 24 和 72 小时使用扫描电子显微镜观察穿透情况。使用市售的由聚（乳酸-羟基乙酸）或 I 型胶原组成的膜作为对照。
仅孵育 6 小时后，所有膜上均有牙龈卟啉单胞菌、变形链球菌和从人唾液中获得的多菌种细菌附着。然而，与对照相比，在所有实验期间，PLCL 双层膜上观察到的粘附细胞较少。PLCL 膜能够阻止细菌渗透，在结构中未观察到细菌细胞。相比之下，在孵育 72 小时后，细菌穿透了所有对照膜，在深度可达 80 µm 处观察到细菌。
膜特性可能影响细菌定植的发生方式。PLCL 膜具有减少细菌粘附和阻止细菌渗透的特性，这些特性可能有助于再生治疗的良好结果。在 GTR/GBR 手术部位发生膜暴露的情况下，具有高效屏障功能的膜，如 PLCL 双层膜，可以简化 GTR/GBR 并发症的管理。
