Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy.
Health Center srl, 87100 Cosenza, Italy.
Nutrients. 2022 Feb 19;14(4):881. doi: 10.3390/nu14040881.
Adolescent nutrition and healthy dietary patterns, particularly the Mediterranean diet (MD), have been associated with improved health status and decreased risk of various chronic and metabolic diseases later in life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the Mediterranean food choices on lipid and glycemic metabolic profile in the total population and in adolescents grouped according to their physical activity (PA) levels at the time of recruitment (T0) and after six months from the administration of a personalized Mediterranean meal plan (T1). As part of the DIMENU study, 85 adolescents underwent measurements of lipid and glucose metabolic profile at T0 and T1. Using three positive items from KIDMED test related to the consumption of typical Mediterranean food (olive oil, fish, and nuts) and three negative items on dietary habits (going to fast-food, consuming biscuits, and candies), we categorized adolescents into six sets in which biochemical parameters were analyzed. In the total sample, significant reductions in serum total cholesterol, LDL, and glucose concentrations were observed for all the sets over the study period. Notably, active subjects, who had a better serum metabolic profile, showed significant improvements of glycemic control after 6 month follow up, while in sedentary adolescents and in those performing moderate PA significant reduction in glycemia, total cholesterol, and LDL was found in all sets. In conclusion, adopting the typical Mediterranean food choices led to a significant reduction in glucose and lipid profile in healthy adolescents, thus making the MD and PA a winning combination for health status.
青少年营养和健康的饮食模式，特别是地中海饮食（Mediterranean diet，MD），与改善健康状况和降低日后各种慢性和代谢性疾病的风险有关。本研究旨在评估地中海食物选择对总人群以及根据招募时（T0）和在实施个性化地中海膳食计划后六个月（T1）的体力活动（physical activity，PA）水平分组的青少年的脂质和血糖代谢特征的影响。作为 DIMENU 研究的一部分，85 名青少年在 T0 和 T1 时进行了脂质和血糖代谢特征的测量。使用 KIDMED 测试中的三个与典型地中海食物（橄榄油、鱼和坚果）消费相关的阳性项目和三个关于饮食习惯的阴性项目（去快餐店、食用饼干和糖果），我们将青少年分为六组，对生化参数进行了分析。在总样本中，所有组在研究期间的血清总胆固醇、LDL 和血糖浓度均显著降低。值得注意的是，积极的青少年在 6 个月的随访后血糖控制有显著改善，他们的血清代谢特征更好，而在久坐不动的青少年和进行适度 PA 的青少年中，所有组的血糖、总胆固醇和 LDL 均显著降低。总之，采用典型的地中海食物选择可显著降低健康青少年的血糖和脂质谱，因此 MD 和 PA 是健康状况的最佳组合。
