Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran.
J Endocrinol Invest. 2023 Oct;46(10):1995-2004. doi: 10.1007/s40618-023-02027-1. Epub 2023 Feb 16.
The prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) during childhood and adolescence is rising significantly worldwide. Previous studies have shown that following a healthy dietary pattern, like the Mediterranean diet (MD), might be an efficacious approach for the prevention and management of MetS during childhood. In the present study, we aimed to examine the effect of MD on inflammatory markers and components of MetS among adolescent girls with MetS.
This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 70 girl adolescents with metabolic syndrome. Patients in the intervention group followed a prescribed MD, while participants in the control group received dietary advice according to the food pyramid. The length of intervention was 12 weeks. Participants' dietary intakes were evaluated using three 1-day food records throughout the study. Anthropometric measures, inflammatory markers, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and hematological factors were assessed at the baseline and end of the trial. An intention-to-treat approach was taken into account for the statistical analysis.
After 12 weeks, participants in the intervention group had lower weight (P ≤ 0/001), body mass index (BMI) (P ≤ 0/001), and waist circumference (WC) (P ≤ 0/001) compared with those in the control group. In addition, MD resulted in a significantly reduced systolic blood pressure compared to the those in the control group (P ≤ 0/001). In terms of metabolic variables, MD led to a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose (FBS) (P ≤ 0/001), triglycerides (TG) (P ≤ 0/001), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (P ≤ 0/001), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (P = 0/02) and a meaningful increase in serum levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (P ≤ 0/001). In addition, adherence to the MD resulted in a significant reduction in serum levels of inflammatory markers including Interleukin 6 (IL-6) (P = 0/02) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (P = 0/02). However, no significant effect was seen on serum levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) (P = 0/43).
Overall, the findings of the present study revealed that consumption of MD for 12 weeks resulted in a favorable effect on anthropometric measures, components of MetS, as well as on some inflammatory biomarkers.
肥胖和代谢综合征（MetS）在儿童和青少年中的患病率在全球范围内显著上升。先前的研究表明，遵循健康的饮食模式，如地中海饮食（MD），可能是预防和管理儿童期 MetS 的有效方法。在本研究中，我们旨在研究 MD 对患有代谢综合征的青春期女孩的炎症标志物和代谢综合征成分的影响。
这是一项随机对照临床试验，共纳入 70 名患有代谢综合征的青春期女孩。干预组患者遵循规定的 MD，而对照组患者则根据食物金字塔接受饮食建议。干预时间为 12 周。在整个研究过程中，通过 3 天的 1 天食物记录来评估参与者的饮食摄入。在研究开始和结束时评估了参与者的人体测量指标、炎症标志物、收缩压和舒张压以及血液学因素。采用意向治疗方法进行统计分析。
12 周后，与对照组相比，干预组患者的体重（P≤0.001）、体重指数（BMI）（P≤0.001）和腰围（WC）（P≤0.001）均降低。此外，与对照组相比，MD 可显著降低收缩压（P≤0.001）。在代谢变量方面，MD 可显著降低空腹血糖（FBS）（P≤0.001）、甘油三酯（TG）（P≤0.001）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）（P≤0.001）、稳态模型评估的胰岛素抵抗（HOMA-IR）（P=0.02），并显著增加血清高密度脂蛋白（HDL）水平（P≤0.001）。此外，坚持 MD 可显著降低血清炎症标志物白细胞介素 6（IL-6）（P=0.02）和高敏 C 反应蛋白（hs-CRP）（P=0.02）的水平。然而，血清肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平无显著变化（P=0.43）。
总之，本研究的结果表明，12 周的 MD 可对人体测量指标、MetS 成分以及某些炎症生物标志物产生有利影响。
