Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
Inflammopharmacology. 2022 Apr;30(2):579-597. doi: 10.1007/s10787-022-00929-9. Epub 2022 Feb 26.
Sarcococca saligna plant is commonly used as traditional therapy for arthritis especially in Asian countries. The current study is designed to explore the anti-arthritic potential of S. saligna aqueous methanolic extract (SSME). Preliminary proximate study and HPLC analysis were performed to investigate the phytochemical characterization and quality control. The safety of the SSME was evaluated by performing an acute oral toxicity study (OECD guidelines 425). The anti-arthritic potential of SSME was explored by in vivo formaldehyde-induced arthritis model. The antiarthritic effect of the SSME was determined through paw diameter, arthritic index, body weight, biochemical and haematological parameters. Radiographic and histopathological studies were also carried out to evaluate the results. qRT-PCR was performed to determine the upregulation and downregulation of anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokines in rats while ELISA was done to determine the concentration of HSP-70, IL-6 and TNF-α in the serum. Results of acute oral toxicity showed no abnormality and mortality. There was no noticeable change in haematological and biochemical parameters. Histopathological examination exhibited the normal structure of vital organs. So, SSME might be safe at a 2000 mg/kg dose, proposing that LD was higher than 2000 mg/kg body weight. Gallic acid, catechin, hydroxyl benzoic acid, sinapic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid and p-cumaric acid were identified by HPLC. The outcomes of in vivo formaldehyde-induced arthritic model showed that SSME significantly reduced paw inflammation and arthritic index and improved haematological and biochemical parameters. Moreover, the SSME influentially down-regulated the gene expression of IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2, PGE2, TNF-α and NF-κB, and up-regulated the expression of IL-4, and IL-10. The results of the undertaken study suggest that S. saligna have strong anti-arthritic activity supporting its conventional application as the remedy of rheumatoid arthritis.
腺果香桃木植物通常被用作关节炎的传统疗法，尤其是在亚洲国家。本研究旨在探索腺果香桃木水甲醇提取物 (SSME) 的抗关节炎潜力。进行了初步的近似研究和 HPLC 分析，以研究其植物化学成分特征和质量控制。通过进行急性口服毒性研究 (OECD 指南 425) 来评估 SSME 的安全性。通过体内甲醛诱导关节炎模型来探索 SSME 的抗关节炎潜力。通过爪直径、关节炎指数、体重、生化和血液学参数来确定 SSME 的抗关节炎作用。还进行了放射学和组织病理学研究来评估结果。进行 qRT-PCR 以确定大鼠中抗炎和促炎细胞因子的上调和下调，同时进行 ELISA 以确定 HSP-70、IL-6 和 TNF-α在血清中的浓度。急性口服毒性的结果显示没有异常和死亡率。血液学和生化参数没有明显变化。组织病理学检查显示重要器官的结构正常。因此，SSME 可能在 2000mg/kg 剂量下是安全的，表明 LD 高于 2000mg/kg 体重。通过 HPLC 鉴定出没食子酸、儿茶素、羟基苯甲酸、芥子酸、咖啡酸、阿魏酸和对香豆酸。体内甲醛诱导关节炎模型的结果表明，SSME 可显著减轻爪炎症和关节炎指数，并改善血液学和生化参数。此外，SSME 还能显著下调 IL-1β、IL-6、COX-2、PGE2、TNF-α 和 NF-κB 的基因表达，并上调 IL-4 和 IL-10 的表达。进行的研究结果表明，腺果香桃木具有很强的抗关节炎活性，支持其作为类风湿性关节炎治疗药物的传统应用。
