Valsamatzi-Panagiotou Aikaterini, Penchovsky Robert
Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 8 Dragan Tzankov Blvd, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria.
Environ Chem Lett. 2022;20(3):1603-1610. doi: 10.1007/s10311-022-01418-9. Epub 2022 Feb 21.
The coronavirus 2019 pandemic, induced by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has strongly altered healthcare systems and the economy worldwide. The lack of knowledge on this virus has led to the implementation of uncertain strategies and measures to fight the pandemic. Here, we review environmental factors that control viral transmission, such as air, temperature, humidity, food, water and sewage, insects, inanimate surfaces, hand hygiene, and social distancing. The main route of viral transmission is the respiratory tract through aerosols. Masks and social distancing are effective in ceasing air transmission. Proper cleaning of surfaces and hand disinfection are required, especially in healthcare units. Food should be handled properly, and food handlers should work based on hygienic protocols. Water and sewage transmission, and transmission through insects appear less important than other environmental factors.
由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）引发的2019年冠状病毒大流行，极大地改变了全球的医疗系统和经济。由于对这种病毒缺乏了解，导致在抗击疫情时采取了一些不确定的策略和措施。在此，我们综述了控制病毒传播的环境因素，如空气、温度、湿度、食物、水和污水、昆虫、无生命表面、手部卫生以及社交距离。病毒传播的主要途径是通过气溶胶经呼吸道传播。口罩和社交距离可有效阻止空气传播。尤其在医疗机构，需要对表面进行适当清洁并对手部进行消毒。食物应妥善处理，食品处理人员应按照卫生规程操作。水和污水传播以及通过昆虫传播，似乎不如其他环境因素那么重要。
