Shahriar Sagarika, Araf Yusha, Ahmad Rasel, Kattel Pravakar, Sah Ganga Sagar, Rahaman Tanjim Ishraq, Sadiea Rahila Zannat, Sultana Shahnaj, Islam Md Sayeedul, Zheng Chunfu, Hossain Md Golzar
Biotechnology Program, Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh.
Front Microbiol. 2022 Feb 3;12:780887. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.780887. eCollection 2021.
Human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus are three blood-borne viruses that can cause major global health issues by increasing severe morbidity. There is a high risk of coinfection with these viruses in individuals because of their same transmission routes through blood using shared needles, syringes, other injection equipment, sexual transmission, or even vertical transmission. Coinfection can cause various liver-related illnesses, non-hepatic organ dysfunction, followed by death compared to any of these single infections. The treatment of coinfected patients is complicated due to the side effects of antiviral medication, resulting in drug resistance, hepatotoxicity, and a lack of required responses. On the other hand, coinfected individuals must be treated with multiple drugs simultaneously, such as for HIV either along with HBV or HCV and HBV and HCV. Therefore, diagnosing, treating, and controlling dual infections with HIV, HBV, or HCV is complicated and needs further investigation. This review focuses on the current prevalence, risk factors, and pathogenesis of dual infections with HIV, HBV, and HCV. We also briefly overviewed the diagnosis and treatment of coinfections of these three blood-borne viruses.
人类免疫缺陷病毒、乙型肝炎病毒和丙型肝炎病毒是三种血源性病毒，它们可通过增加严重发病率引发重大的全球健康问题。由于这些病毒通过共用针头、注射器、其他注射设备、性传播甚至垂直传播等相同的血液传播途径，个体同时感染这些病毒的风险很高。与任何一种单一感染相比，合并感染可导致各种肝脏相关疾病、非肝脏器官功能障碍，进而导致死亡。由于抗病毒药物的副作用，合并感染患者的治疗很复杂，会产生耐药性、肝毒性以及缺乏所需的反应。另一方面，合并感染的个体必须同时接受多种药物治疗，例如治疗HIV时同时治疗HBV或HCV以及HBV和HCV。因此，诊断、治疗和控制HIV、HBV或HCV的双重感染很复杂，需要进一步研究。本综述重点关注HIV、HBV和HCV双重感染的当前流行情况、危险因素和发病机制。我们还简要概述了这三种血源性病毒合并感染的诊断和治疗。
