476名中老年人的饮食模式与骨密度的关系
The Relationship between Dietary Patterns and Bone Mineral Density of 476 Middle-Aged and Aged People.
作者信息
Zhao Yuguang, Li Jinhui, Yuan Zhigang, Li Xin, Gu Hanghai, Jiao Chuanming, Zhang Zhong
机构信息
School of Public Health, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China.
Department of Sports Rehabilitation, College of Physical Education, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China.
出版信息
Iran J Public Health. 2021 Oct;50(10):2010-2016. doi: 10.18502/ijph.v50i10.7501.
BACKGROUND
To investigate the relationship between different dietary patterns and the levels of bone mineral density (BMD) in middle-aged and aged people, and to provide references for the nutritional prevention of osteoporosis.
METHODS
A total of 476 residents aged 45 yr or more in Qiqihar City were enrolled from Aug 2018 to Feb 2019. They took a Food Frequency Questionnaire for dietary survey. Their dietary patterns were analyzed using the factor analysis method, and BMD were detected using ultrasound bone densitometer, to explore the relationship between different dietary patterns and BMD levels.
RESULTS
Four dietary patterns were obtained in the survey: relatively balanced, oil-salt, milk-tuber, and aquatic. Among them, the prevalence of osteoporosis reached 21.8%. High-level relatively balanced dietary pattern (OR=0.588, 95%CI= 0.363-0.951) and high-level dairy-potato food dietary pattern (OR=0.668, 95%CI= 0.370-0.983) were associated with lower risk of osteoporosis.
CONCLUSION
A balanced diet and a high intake of dairy-potato food dietary pattern were associated with a lower prevalence of osteoporosis. It is recommended that middle-aged and aged people should have a balanced diet with more dairy products and potatoes to protect bone health.
背景
探讨不同饮食模式与中老年人群骨密度（BMD）水平之间的关系，为骨质疏松症的营养预防提供参考。
方法
2018年8月至2019年2月，共纳入齐齐哈尔市476名45岁及以上居民。他们接受了食物频率问卷调查以进行饮食调查。采用因子分析法分析其饮食模式，并用超声骨密度仪检测骨密度，以探讨不同饮食模式与骨密度水平之间的关系。
结果
调查获得了四种饮食模式：相对均衡、油盐、奶薯和水产。其中，骨质疏松症的患病率达到21.8%。高水平的相对均衡饮食模式（OR=0.588，95%CI=0.363-0.951）和高水平的奶薯类食物饮食模式（OR=0.668，95%CI=0.370-0.983）与较低的骨质疏松症风险相关。
结论
均衡饮食和高摄入奶薯类食物饮食模式与较低的骨质疏松症患病率相关。建议中老年人应均衡饮食，多摄入乳制品和土豆以保护骨骼健康。
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