Khalid Anam, Hameed Amjad, Shamim Sadaf, Ahmad Javed
Department of Biological Sciences, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Wheat Research Institute, Ayub Agriculture Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Front Nutr. 2022 Feb 9;8:805446. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2021.805446. eCollection 2021.
is among the few species of crops which has been widely grown as a source of food. For seed quality trait analysis, wheat germplasm (77 genotypes) was collected from Pakistan's diverse agro-climatic regions. Significant variation ( < 0.05) was observed for tested parameters among tested genotypes. Genotypes with maximum protein content, i.e., GA2002 (16.5%) and Marvi (16.5%), moisture content, i.e., advance line 9,244 (11%), starch content, i.e., AARI 2011 (54.1%), zeleny sedimentation rate, i.e., advance line 2006 (44ml), wet gluten content, i.e., advance line 2006 (44%), kernel weight, i.e., advance line TC-4928 (41.6 ± 9.5 mg), kernel diameter, i.e., sassui (2.91 ± 0.32 mm), kernel moisture, i.e., AUQAB 2000 (11.7 ± 0.4%), Mairaj 2000 (11.7 ± 0.4%), and Barani-83 (11.7 ± 0.3%), and hardness index, i.e., Punjab 2011 (91 ± 39) are concluded as potential candidates to be explored for bakery products and the breeding program to improve quality attributes of wheat. Data were also analyzed for correlation, agglomerative hierarchical clustering, and principal component analysis (PCA). Cluster analysis clustered all genotypes into five different groups. The D statistics confirmed maximum diversity of cluster-V genotypes against genotypes of cluster-IV regarding single kernel characteristics, whereas cluster-II genotypes revealed maximum diversity against cluster-III genotypes relating to grain nutritional profile. The contribution of PC-I regarding single kernel characteristics toward variability was highest (48.58%) and revealed positive factor loadings for kernel weight, kernel diameter, and kernel moisture, while the contribution of PC-I with respect to grain nutritional profile toward variability was highest (59.76%) and showed positive factor loadings for moisture and starch content. Varieties having good quality attributes can be combined by breeders via various breeding methods with the aim of developing high quality wheat in the future.
是少数几种作为食物来源而被广泛种植的作物之一。为了进行种子品质性状分析，从小麦种质（77个基因型）中收集了来自巴基斯坦不同农业气候区的样本。在测试的基因型中，观察到所测参数存在显著差异（<0.05）。蛋白质含量最高的基因型，即GA2002（16.5%）和Marvi（16.5%）；水分含量最高的基因型，即品系9244（11%）；淀粉含量最高的基因型，即AARI 2011（54.1%）；泽伦尼沉降率最高的基因型，即品系2006（44毫升）；湿面筋含量最高的基因型，即品系2006（44%）；千粒重最高的基因型，即品系TC - 4928（41.6±9.5毫克）；籽粒直径最大的基因型，即萨苏伊（2.91±0.32毫米）；籽粒水分含量最高的基因型，即AUQAB 2000（11.7±0.4%）、Mairaj 2000（11.7±0.4%）和Barani - 83（11.7±0.3%）；硬度指数最高的基因型，即旁遮普2011（91±39），这些被确定为可用于烘焙产品探索以及旨在改善小麦品质性状的育种计划的潜在候选材料。还对数据进行了相关性、凝聚层次聚类和主成分分析（PCA）。聚类分析将所有基因型分为五个不同的组。D统计量证实，在单粒特征方面，聚类V的基因型相对于聚类IV的基因型具有最大的多样性，而聚类II的基因型在与籽粒营养成分相关方面相对于聚类III的基因型显示出最大的多样性。PC - I在单粒特征方面对变异性的贡献最高（48.58%），并且在籽粒重量、籽粒直径和籽粒水分方面显示出正因子载荷，而PC - I在籽粒营养成分方面对变异性的贡献最高（59.76%），并且在水分和淀粉含量方面显示出正因子载荷。育种者可以通过各种育种方法将具有良好品质性状的品种进行组合，以期在未来培育出高品质的小麦。
