Rafiq Kazi, Tofazzal Hossain Muhammad, Ahmed Rokeya, Hasan Md Mehedi, Islam Rejaul, Hossen Md Ismail, Shaha Sourendra Nath, Islam Mohammad Rafiqul
Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.
Front Vet Sci. 2022 Feb 11;8:794588. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.794588. eCollection 2021.
The poultry industry has grown so fast alongside the irrational use of antibiotics to maximize profit and make the production cost-effective during the last few decades. The rising and indiscriminate use of antibiotics might result in the deposition of residues in poultry food products and in the development of resistance to these drugs by microorganisms. Therefore, many diseases are becoming difficult to treat both in humans and animals. In addition, the use of low-dose antibiotics as growth enhancer results in antibiotic residues in food products, which have detrimental effects on human health. On the other hand, many studies have shown that antibiotics administered to poultry and livestock are poorly absorbed through the gut and usually excreted without metabolism. These excreted antibiotics eventually accumulate in the environment and enter the human food chain, resulting in the bioaccumulation of drug residues in the human body. In this regard, to find out alternatives is of paramount importance for the production of safe meat and egg. Therefore, in recent years, much research attention was disarticulated toward the exploration for alternatives to antibiotic as in-feed growth enhancers after its ban by the EU. As a result, probiotics, prebiotics, phytobiotics, spirulina, symbiotic, and their combination are being used more frequently in poultry production. Feed additives therefore gained popularity in poultry production by having many advantages but without any residues in poultry products. In addition, numerous studies demonstrating that such biological supplements compete with antimicrobial resistance have been conducted. Therefore, the purpose of this review article was to highlight the advantages of using biological products instead of antibiotics as poultry in-feed growth enhancers to enhance the production performance, reduce intestinal pathogenic bacteria, and maintain gut health, potentiating the immune response, safety, and wholesomeness of meat and eggs as evidence of consumer protection, as well as to improve the safety of poultry products for human consumption.
在过去几十年里,家禽养殖业发展迅速,与此同时,抗生素的不合理使用也达到了最大化,以获取利润并使生产成本效益化。抗生素的不断增加和滥用可能导致其在家禽食品中的残留,并使微生物对这些药物产生耐药性。因此,许多疾病在人类和动物中都变得难以治疗。此外,使用低剂量抗生素作为生长促进剂会导致食品中出现抗生素残留,这对人类健康有不利影响。另一方面,许多研究表明,给家禽和牲畜使用的抗生素在肠道中的吸收率很低,通常未经代谢就被排出体外。这些排出的抗生素最终在环境中积累,并进入人类食物链,导致药物残留在人体中生物累积。在这方面,寻找替代方法对于生产安全的肉类和蛋类至关重要。因此,近年来,在欧盟禁止将抗生素用作饲料生长促进剂之后,人们对探索抗生素替代品给予了极大的研究关注。结果,益生菌、益生元、植物源生物活性物质、螺旋藻、共生菌及其组合在家禽生产中的使用越来越频繁。饲料添加剂因其具有许多优点且在家禽产品中无任何残留,因此在家禽生产中颇受欢迎。此外,已经进行了大量研究,证明此类生物补充剂与抗微生物耐药性存在竞争关系。因此,这篇综述文章的目的是强调使用生物产品而非抗生素作为家禽饲料生长促进剂的优势,以提高生产性能、减少肠道病原菌并维持肠道健康,增强免疫反应、安全性以及肉类和蛋类的卫生质量,作为消费者保护的证据,同时提高家禽产品供人类消费的安全性。