Lukic Jovanka, Chen Vivien, Strahinic Ivana, Begovic Jelena, Lev-Tov Hadar, Davis Stephen C, Tomic-Canic Marjana, Pastar Irena
Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Miami, Florida.
Wound Repair Regen. 2017 Nov;25(6):912-922. doi: 10.1111/wrr.12607. Epub 2018 Feb 9.
Probiotics are beneficial microorganisms, known to exert numerous positive effects on human health, primarily in the battle against pathogens. Probiotics have been associated with improved healing of intestinal ulcers, and healing of infected cutaneous wounds. This article reviews the latest findings on probiotics related to their pro-healing properties on gut epithelium and skin. Proven mechanisms by which probiotic bacteria exert their beneficial effects include direct killing of pathogens, competitive displacement of pathogenic bacteria, reinforcement of epithelial barrier, induction of fibroblasts, and epithelial cells' migration and function. Beneficial immunomodulatory effects of probiotics relate to modulation and activation of intraepithelial lymphocytes, natural killer cells, and macrophages through induced production of cytokines. Systemic effects of beneficial bacteria and link between gut microbiota, immune system, and cutaneous health through gut-brain-skin axes are discussed as well. In light of growing antibiotic resistance of pathogens, antibiotic use is becoming less effective in treating cutaneous and systemic infections. This review points to a new perspective and therapeutic potential of beneficial probiotic species as a safe alternative approach for treatment of patients affected by wound healing disorders and cutaneous infections.
益生菌是有益微生物，已知对人类健康有诸多积极影响，主要体现在对抗病原体方面。益生菌与改善肠道溃疡愈合以及感染性皮肤伤口愈合有关。本文综述了益生菌在促进肠道上皮和皮肤愈合特性方面的最新研究结果。益生菌发挥有益作用的已证实机制包括直接杀灭病原体、竞争性取代病原菌、增强上皮屏障、诱导成纤维细胞以及上皮细胞迁移和功能。益生菌有益的免疫调节作用涉及通过诱导细胞因子产生来调节和激活上皮内淋巴细胞、自然杀伤细胞和巨噬细胞。还讨论了有益细菌的全身效应以及通过肠 - 脑 - 皮肤轴在肠道微生物群、免疫系统和皮肤健康之间的联系。鉴于病原体的抗生素耐药性不断增加，抗生素在治疗皮肤和全身感染方面的效果越来越差。这篇综述指出了有益益生菌物种作为治疗伤口愈合障碍和皮肤感染患者的一种安全替代方法的新观点和治疗潜力。
