Zou Jing, Wu Jing, Wang Yizhou, Deng Fengxia, Jiang Jizhou, Zhang Yizhou, Liu Song, Li Neng, Zhang Han, Yu Jiaguo, Zhai Tianyou, Alshareef Husam N
School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430205, P. R. China.
Key Laboratory of Rare Mineral, Ministry of Natural Resources, Geological Experimental Testing Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, 430034, P. R. China.
Chem Soc Rev. 2022 Apr 19;51(8):2972-2990. doi: 10.1039/d0cs01487g.
2D carbides and nitrides of transition metals, also known as MXenes, are an emerging class of 2D nanomaterials that have shown excellent performances and broad application prospects in the fields of energy storage, catalysis, sensing, electromagnetic shielding, electronics and photonics, and life sciences. This unusual diversity of applications is due to their superior hydrophilicity and conductivity, high carrier concentration, ultra-high volumetric capacitance, rich surface chemistry, and large specific surface area. However, it is difficult to make MXenes with the desired surface functional groups that deliver high reactivity and high stability, because most MXenes are extracted from ceramics (MAX phase) by an etching process, where a large number of metal atoms are inevitably exposed on the surface, with other anions and cations embedded uncontrollably. The exposed metal atoms and implanted ions are thermodynamically unstable and readily react with trace oxygen or oxygen-containing groups to form the corresponding metal oxides or degrade chemically, resulting in a sharp decline in activity and loss of excellent physicochemical properties. The addition of certain synergistic additives during the intercalation and chemical modification of surface functional groups under non-hazardous conditions can result in stable and efficient MXene-based materials with exceptional optical, electrical, and magnetic properties. This review discusses several such methods, mainly additive-mediated intercalation and chemical modification of the surface functional groups of MXene-based materials, followed by their potential applications. Finally, perspectives are given to discuss the future challenges and promising opportunities of this exciting field.
过渡金属的二维碳化物和氮化物，也被称为MXenes，是一类新兴的二维纳米材料，在能量存储、催化、传感、电磁屏蔽、电子学、光子学和生命科学等领域展现出优异的性能和广阔的应用前景。这种不同寻常的多样应用归因于它们卓越的亲水性和导电性、高载流子浓度、超高体积电容、丰富的表面化学性质以及大比表面积。然而，很难制备出具有高反应活性和高稳定性的、带有所需表面官能团的MXenes，因为大多数MXenes是通过蚀刻工艺从陶瓷（MAX相）中提取出来的，在此过程中大量金属原子不可避免地暴露在表面，同时其他阴离子和阳离子无控制地嵌入。暴露的金属原子和注入的离子在热力学上不稳定，容易与痕量氧气或含氧化合物反应形成相应的金属氧化物或发生化学降解，导致活性急剧下降并丧失优异的物理化学性质。在非危险条件下对表面官能团进行插层和化学改性过程中添加某些协同添加剂，可以得到具有优异光学、电学和磁学性质的稳定且高效的MXene基材料。本综述讨论了几种此类方法，主要是添加剂介导的MXene基材料表面官能团的插层和化学改性，以及它们的潜在应用。最后，展望了该令人兴奋的领域未来的挑战和机遇。
