Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030-1321, USA.
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, UHN-67, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
Clin Chest Med. 2022 Mar;43(1):35-46. doi: 10.1016/j.ccm.2021.11.003.
Bronchiectasis is a condition defined by permanently dilated airways and characterized by chronic cough and sputum and in many patients, recurrent exacerbations. Bronchiectasis is a heterogeneous condition, with numerous underlying risk factors and initiating conditions. These factors share in common the ability to impair the mechanisms by which the airways are protected from inflammatory or infectious insults. These underlying factors result in chronic bacterial infection of the airways, inciting a host inflammatory response in which the airways are the collateral damage. The damaged airways are unable to clear the infection, leading to ongoing inflammation and progressive damage.
支气管扩张症是一种由气道永久性扩张引起的疾病，其特征是慢性咳嗽和咳痰，许多患者还会反复发作。支气管扩张症是一种异质性疾病，有许多潜在的危险因素和起始因素。这些因素的共同点是能够损害气道免受炎症或感染性损伤的保护机制。这些潜在因素导致气道慢性细菌感染，引发宿主炎症反应，而气道是这种炎症反应的附带损伤。受损的气道无法清除感染，导致持续的炎症和进行性损伤。
