Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Department of Environmental Health, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200336, China.
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, 1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200336, China.
Environ Geochem Health. 2022 Dec;44(12):4619-4630. doi: 10.1007/s10653-022-01233-9. Epub 2022 Mar 3.
The aim of the study was to analyze the temporal trends, pollution sources, and carcinogenic health risks associated with PM-bound arsenic (As). A total of 588 PM samples were collected in Jinan during January 2014-December 2020. The content and distribution characteristics were determined for As and Al in PM, and the pollution sources were identified based on enrichment factors (EFs). The health risk of inhalation exposure to As was estimated using the risk assessment methods recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). The annual average concentration of As in PM was 4.5-17.5 ng m, which was 0.8-2.9 times higher than the limit ruled by the European Union and China's Ambient Air Quality Standards (6 ng m). From 2014 to 2020, the As concentration gradually decreased from 17.5 to 4.9 ng m. After 2017, the concentration was close to the level required by the atmospheric quality standard (6 ng m). The PM and arsenic concentrations in the heating season were significantly higher than those in the non-heating season. The EF of As ranged from 144 to 607, which was higher than 10. The cancer risk of As in PM decreased to the lowest values (heating season 1.0 × 10 and non-heating season 7.1 × 10, respectively) in 2019. As in Jinan mainly came from anthropogenic pollution. The level of As pollution has been significantly reduced in recent years, but there is still a high risk of carcinogenesis. Air pollution control strategies and guidelines need to be implemented in urban areas, especially during the heating season in winter and spring.
本研究旨在分析与 PM 结合的砷（As）相关的时间趋势、污染源和致癌健康风险。本研究于 2014 年 1 月至 2020 年 12 月期间在济南采集了 588 个 PM 样本。测定了 PM 中 As 和 Al 的含量和分布特征，并基于富集因子（EFs）确定了污染源。采用美国环境保护署（US EPA）推荐的风险评估方法评估了吸入暴露于 As 的健康风险。PM 中 As 的年平均浓度为 4.5-17.5ng/m，是欧盟和中国环境空气质量标准（6ng/m）规定限值的 0.8-2.9 倍。2014 年至 2020 年，As 浓度逐渐从 17.5ng/m 降低至 4.9ng/m。2017 年后，浓度接近空气质量标准（6ng/m）要求。供暖季的 PM 和砷浓度明显高于非供暖季。As 的 EF 范围为 144-607，高于 10。PM 中 As 的致癌风险在 2019 年降至最低值（供暖季 1.0×10，非供暖季 7.1×10）。济南的 As 主要来自人为污染。近年来，As 污染水平已显著降低，但仍存在较高的致癌风险。需要在城市地区实施空气污染控制策略和指南，特别是在冬季和春季的供暖季。
