Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, School of Agriculture Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia.
Taif University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Taif, Saudi Arabia.
Braz J Biol. 2022 Mar 7;84:e252143. doi: 10.1590/1519-6984.252143. eCollection 2022.
Cadmium (Cd) is one of non-essential heavy metals which is released into environment naturally or anthropogenically. It is highly persistent toxic metals that are exceptionally distressing industrial and agriculture activities by contaminating soil, water and food. Its long-duration endurance in soil and water results in accumulation and uptake into plants, leading to the food chain. This becomes a serious global problem threatening humans and animals as food chain components. Living organisms, especially humans, are exposed to Cd through plants as one of the main vegetative food sources. This review paper is concentrated on the symptoms of the plants affected by Cd toxicity. The absorption of Cd triggers several seen and unseen symptoms by polluted plants such as stunted growth, chlorosis, necrosis and wilting. Apart from that, factors that affect the uptake and translocation of Cd in plants are elaborated to understand the mechanism that contributes to its accumulation. By insight of Cd accumulation, this review also discussed the phytoremediation techniques-phytoextraction, phytostimulation, phytostabilization, phytovolatization and rhizofiltration in bioremediating the Cd.
镉（Cd）是一种非必需的重金属，它会自然或人为地释放到环境中。它是一种高度持久的有毒金属，通过污染土壤、水和食物，对工业和农业活动造成特别严重的影响。它在土壤和水中的长期存在导致其积累并被植物吸收，从而进入食物链。这成为了一个严重的全球性问题，威胁着作为食物链组成部分的人类和动物。生物体，特别是人类，通过植物作为主要的植物性食物来源之一，接触到镉。植物受到镉污染后，会出现一些可见和不可见的症状，如生长受阻、黄化、坏死和枯萎。此外，还详细阐述了影响植物吸收和转运镉的因素，以了解导致其积累的机制。通过对镉积累的了解，本文还讨论了植物修复技术——植物提取、植物刺激、植物稳定化、植物挥发和根过滤在生物修复镉中的应用。
