Spinal 5-HT receptor is involved in electroacupuncture inhibition of chronic pain.

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a highly prevalent, chronic joint disorder, and it is a typical disease which can develop chronic pain. Our previous study has proved that endocannabinoid (2-AG)-CB1R-GABA-5-HT pathway is involved in electroacupuncture (EA) mediated inhibition of chronic pain. However, it is still unclear which among the 5-HT receptor subtype is involved in EA evoked 5-HT mediated inhibition of chronic pain in the dorsal spinal cord. 5-HT is a G protein-coupled receptor and it is involved in 5-HT descending pain modulation system. We found that EA treatment at frequency of 2 Hz +1 mA significantly increased the expression of 5-HT receptor in the dorsal spinal cord and intrathecal injection of 5-HT receptor antagonist or agonist reversed or mimicked the analgesic effect of EA in each case respectively. Intrathecal injection of a selective GABA receptor antagonist Bicuculline also reversed the EA effect on pain hypersensitivity. Additionally, EA treatment reversed the reduced expression of GABA receptor and KCC2 in the dorsal spinal cord of KOA mice. Furthermore, we demonstrated that intrathecal 5-HT receptor antagonist/agonist reversed or mimicked the effect of EA up-regulate of KCC2 expression, respectively. Similarly, intrathecal injection of PLC and PKC inhibitors prevented both anti-allodynic effect and up-regulation of KCC2 expression by EA treatment. Our data suggest that EA treatment up-regulated KCC2 expression through activating 5-HT-Gq-PLC-PKC pathway and enhanced the inhibitory function of GABA receptor, thereby inhibiting chronic pain in a mouse model of KOA.