Semple Sean, Dobson Ruaraidh, O'Donnell Rachel, Zainal Abidin Emilia, Tigova Olena, Okello Gabriel, Fernández Esteve
Institute of Social Marketing and Health, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
Institute of Social Marketing and Health, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK.
Tob Control. 2022 Mar;31(2):250-256. doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2021-056556.
Adoption of smoke-free measures has been one of the central elements of tobacco control activity over the past 30 years. The past decade has seen an increasing number of countries and proportion of the global population covered by smoke-free policies to some extent. Despite reductions in global smoking prevalence, population growth means that the number of non-smokers exposed to the harms caused by secondhand smoke remains high. Smoke-free policy measures have been shown to be useful in protecting non-smokers from secondhand smoke, and can additionally increase cessation and reduce smoking initiation. Policies tend to be aimed primarily at enclosed public or workplace settings with very few countries attempting to control exposure in private or semiprivate spaces such as homes and cars, and, as a result, children may be benefiting less from smoke-free measures than adults. Compliance with legislation also varies by country and there is a need for education and empowerment together with guidance and changing social norms to help deliver the full benefits that smoke-free spaces can bring. Restrictions and policies on use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) in smoke-free settings require more research to determine the benefits and implications of bystanders' exposure to secondhand e-cigarette aerosol, dual use and smoking cessation.
在过去30年里，采取无烟措施一直是烟草控制活动的核心要素之一。在过去十年中，越来越多的国家实施了无烟政策，全球范围内受其覆盖的人口比例也在一定程度上有所增加。尽管全球吸烟率有所下降，但由于人口增长，接触二手烟危害的非吸烟者数量仍然很多。事实证明，无烟政策措施有助于保护非吸烟者免受二手烟危害，还能增加戒烟率并减少吸烟行为的开始。这些政策主要针对封闭的公共场所或工作场所，很少有国家尝试控制私人或半私人空间（如家庭和汽车）中的接触情况，因此，儿童从无烟措施中获得的益处可能比成年人少。各国对立法的遵守情况也各不相同，需要开展教育、增强权能，并提供指导和改变社会规范，以充分发挥无烟空间所能带来的益处。在无烟环境中对电子烟使用的限制和政策，需要更多研究来确定旁观者接触二手电子烟烟雾、同时使用电子烟和戒烟的益处及影响。
