Mendoza Martha N, Blumenfeld Henrike K, Knight Robert T, Ries Stephanie K
Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
SDSU-UCSD Joint Doctoral Program in Language and Communicative Disorders, San Diego, CA, USA.
Neurobiol Lang (Camb). 2021 Dec 23;2(4):605-627. doi: 10.1162/nol_a_00056. eCollection 2021.
Bilinguals' need to suppress the activation of their other language while speaking has been proposed to result in enhanced cognitive control abilities outside of language. Several studies therefore suggest shared cognitive control processes across linguistic and non-linguistic tasks. Here we investigate this potential overlap using scalp electroencephalographic recordings and the Laplacian transformation, providing an estimation of the current source density and enabling the separation of EEG components in space. Fourteen Spanish-English bilinguals performed a picture-word matching task contrasting incongruent trials using cross-linguistic false cognates (e.g., a picture - foot, overlaid with distractor text: the English word , i.e., the false cognate for the Spanish meaning "foot") with congruent trials (matching English picture names and words, i.e., a picture - foot, with overlaid text: the English word ), and an unrelated control condition. In addition, participants performed an arrow-version of the Eriksen flanker task. Worse behavioral performance was observed in incongruent compared to congruent trials in both tasks. In the non-linguistic task, we replicated the previously observed congruency effect on a medial-frontal event-related potential (ERP) peaking around 50 ms before electromyography (EMG) onset. A similar ERP was present in the linguistic task, was sensitive to congruency, and peaked earlier, around 150 ms before EMG onset. In addition, another component was found in the linguistic task at a left lateralized anterior frontal site peaking around 200 ms before EMG onset, but was absent in the non-linguistic task. Our results suggest a partial overlap between linguistic and non-linguistic cognitive control processes and that linguistic conflict resolution may engage additional left anterior frontal control processes.
有人提出，双语者在说话时需要抑制其另一种语言的激活，这会导致语言之外的认知控制能力增强。因此，多项研究表明，语言任务和非语言任务存在共享的认知控制过程。在这里，我们使用头皮脑电图记录和拉普拉斯变换来研究这种潜在的重叠，从而估计当前的源密度，并在空间上分离脑电图成分。14名西班牙-英语双语者进行了一项图片-单词匹配任务，该任务将使用跨语言假同源词的不一致试验（例如，一张画着脚的图片，上面覆盖着干扰文本：英语单词 ，即西班牙语“脚”的假同源词）与一致试验（匹配英语图片名称和单词，即一张画着脚的图片，上面覆盖着文本：英语单词 ）以及一个不相关的对照条件进行对比。此外，参与者还进行了埃里克森侧翼任务的箭头版本。在两项任务中，与一致试验相比，不一致试验中的行为表现更差。在非语言任务中，我们在肌电图（EMG）开始前约50毫秒出现峰值的内侧额叶事件相关电位（ERP）上重复了之前观察到的一致性效应。在语言任务中也存在类似的ERP，它对一致性敏感，并且峰值出现得更早，在EMG开始前约150毫秒。此外，在语言任务中，在左侧前额叶前部位置发现了另一个成分，在EMG开始前约200毫秒达到峰值，但在非语言任务中不存在。我们的结果表明，语言和非语言认知控制过程之间存在部分重叠，并且语言冲突解决可能涉及额外的左前额叶控制过程。
