Calabria Marco, Costa Albert, Green David W, Abutalebi Jubin
Center for Brain and Cognition, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain.
Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2018 Jun 19. doi: 10.1111/nyas.13879.
Acquiring and speaking a second language increases demand on the processes of language control for bilingual as compared to monolingual speakers. Language control for bilingual speakers involves the ability to keep the two languages separated to avoid interference and to select one language or the other in a given conversational context. This ability is what we refer with the term "bilingual language control" (BLC). It is now well established that the architecture of this complex system of language control encompasses brain networks involving cortical and subcortical structures, each responsible for different cognitive processes such as goal maintenance, conflict monitoring, interference suppression, and selective response inhibition. Furthermore, advances have been made in determining the overlap between the BLC and the nonlinguistic executive control networks, under the hypothesis that the BLC processes are just an instantiation of a more domain-general control system. Here, we review the current knowledge about the neural basis of these control systems. Results from brain imaging studies of healthy adults and on the performance of bilingual individuals with brain damage are discussed.
与单语者相比，习得并说第二语言会增加双语者对语言控制过程的需求。双语者的语言控制涉及将两种语言区分开来以避免干扰的能力，以及在给定的对话情境中选择其中一种语言的能力。我们用“双语语言控制”（BLC）这个术语来指代这种能力。现在已经充分证实，这个复杂的语言控制系统的架构包含涉及皮层和皮层下结构的脑网络，每个结构负责不同的认知过程，如目标维持、冲突监测、干扰抑制和选择性反应抑制。此外，在确定BLC与非语言执行控制网络之间的重叠方面已经取得了进展，其假设是BLC过程只是一个更具领域通用性的控制系统的实例。在这里，我们回顾关于这些控制系统神经基础的当前知识。讨论了健康成年人的脑成像研究结果以及脑损伤双语个体的表现。
