The University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Biological Sciences, Richardson, TX, USA.
University of California, Santa Cruz, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
Trends Biochem Sci. 2022 Jun;47(6):477-491. doi: 10.1016/j.tibs.2022.02.003. Epub 2022 Mar 1.
In addition to their central functions in translation, ribosomes can adopt inactive structures that are fully assembled yet devoid of mRNA. We describe how the abundance of idle eukaryotic ribosomes is influenced by a broad range of biological conditions spanning viral infection, nutrient deprivation, and developmental cues. Vacant ribosomes may provide a means to exclude ribosomes from translation while also shielding them from degradation, and the variable identity of factors that occlude ribosomes may impart distinct functionality. We propose that regulated changes in the balance of idle and active ribosomes provides a means to fine-tune translation. We provide an overview of idle ribosomes, describe what is known regarding their function, and highlight questions that may clarify their biological roles.
除了在翻译中的核心功能外，核糖体还可以采用完全组装但没有 mRNA 的非活性结构。我们描述了大量的空闲真核核糖体如何受到广泛的生物条件的影响，包括病毒感染、营养缺乏和发育线索。空载核糖体可能为核糖体从翻译中排除提供了一种手段，同时也保护它们免受降解，而封闭核糖体的因素的可变身份可能赋予它们不同的功能。我们提出，空闲核糖体和活性核糖体之间平衡的调节变化提供了一种微调翻译的方法。我们提供了对空载核糖体的概述，描述了已知的关于它们的功能，并强调了可能阐明它们的生物学作用的问题。
