Division of Human Environment, Graduate School of Human Environment, Osaka Sangyo University, Daito City, Osaka, Japan.
Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Osaka Sangyo University, Daito City, Osaka, Japan.
Physiol Rep. 2022 Mar;10(5):e15210. doi: 10.14814/phy2.15210.
This study aimed to investigate whether anticipatory cardiorespiratory responses vary depending on the intensity of the subsequent exercise bout, and whether anticipatory cardiorespiratory adjustments contribute importantly to enhancing exercise performance during high-intensity exercise. Eleven healthy men were provided advance notice of the exercise intensity and a countdown to generate anticipation during 10 min prior to exercise at 0, 50, 80 or 95% maximal work-rate (Experiment 1). A different group of subjects (n = 15) performed a time to exhaustion trial with or without anticipatory countdown (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, heart rate (HR), oxygen uptake (V ) and minute ventilation (V ) during pre-exercise resting period increased over time and depended on the subsequent exercise intensity. Specifically, there was already a 7.4% increase in HR from more than 5 min prior to the start of exercise at 95% maximal work-rate, followed by progressively augmented increases of 12.5% between 2 and 3 min before exercise, 24.4% between 0 and 1 min before exercise. In Experiment 2, the initial HR for the first 10 s of exercise in the task with anticipation was 11.4% larger compared to without anticipation (p < 0.01), and the difference in HR between the two conditions decreased in a time-dependent manner. In contrast, the initial increases in V and V were significantly lower in the task with anticipation than that without anticipation. The time to exhaustion during high-intensity exercise was 14.6% longer under anticipation condition compared to no anticipation (135 ± 26 s vs. 119 ± 26 s, p = 0.003). In addition, the enhanced exercise performance correlated positively with increased HR response just before and immediately after exercise onset (p < 0.01). These results showed that anticipatory cardiorespiratory adjustments (feedforward control) via the higher brain that operate before starting exercise may play an important role in minimizing the time delay of circulatory response and enhancing performance after onset of high-intensity exercise in man.
本研究旨在探讨预期的心肺反应是否取决于随后运动强度的变化，以及预期的心肺调整是否对增强高强度运动中的运动表现有重要贡献。11 名健康男性在运动前 10 分钟内，通过预告运动强度和倒计时来产生预期，分别在 0%、50%、80%和 95%最大工作率下进行运动（实验 1）。另一组受试者（n=15）在有无预期倒计时的情况下进行了力竭试验（实验 2）。在实验 1 中，运动前休息期间的心率（HR）、摄氧量（V ）和分钟通气量（V ）随时间增加，并取决于随后的运动强度。具体来说，在 95%最大工作率下运动开始前 5 分钟以上，HR 已经增加了 7.4%，然后在运动前 2-3 分钟，HR 逐渐增加 12.5%，在运动前 0-1 分钟，HR 增加 24.4%。在实验 2 中，在有预期的任务中，运动开始后前 10 秒的初始 HR 比没有预期的情况下大 11.4%（p<0.01），并且两种情况下的 HR 差异呈时间依赖性降低。相比之下，有预期任务中的 V 和 V 的初始增加明显低于没有预期的任务。在有预期的情况下，高强度运动的力竭时间比没有预期的情况下延长了 14.6%（135±26 秒 vs. 119±26 秒，p=0.003）。此外，增强的运动表现与运动开始前后的 HR 反应呈正相关（p<0.01）。这些结果表明，通过在开始运动之前起作用的高级大脑进行的预期心肺调整（前馈控制）可能在最小化循环反应的时间延迟和增强人高强度运动开始后的表现方面发挥重要作用。
