Costa Sofia M, Fangueiro Raul, Ferreira Diana P
Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, Guimarães, 4800-058, Portugal.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minho, Guimarães, 4800-058, Portugal.
Macromol Biosci. 2022 May;22(5):e2100512. doi: 10.1002/mabi.202100512. Epub 2022 Mar 18.
Recently, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has become a promising approach for the treatment of a broad range of diseases, including oncological and infectious diseases. This minimally invasive and localized therapy is based on the production of reactive oxygen species able to destroy cancer cells and inactivate pathogens by combining the use of photosensitizers (PSs), light, and molecular oxygen. To overcome the drawbacks of drug systemic administration, drug delivery systems (DDS) can be used to carrier the PSs, allowing higher therapeutic efficacy and minimal toxicological effects. Polymeric nanofibers produced by electrospinning emerged as powerful platforms for drug delivery applications. Electrospun nanofibers exhibit outstanding characteristics, such as large surface-area-to-volume ratio associated with high drug loading, high porosity, flexibility, ability to incorporate and release a wide variety of therapeutic agents, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Due to the versatility of this technique, fibers with different morphologies and functionalities, including drug release profile can be produced. The possibility of scalability makes electrospinning even more attractive for the development of DDS. This review aims to explore and show an up to date of the huge potential of electrospun nanofibers as DDS for different PDT applications and discuss the opportunities and challenges in this field.
近年来，光动力疗法（PDT）已成为治疗多种疾病的一种有前景的方法，包括肿瘤疾病和传染病。这种微创的局部治疗基于活性氧的产生，通过联合使用光敏剂（PSs）、光和分子氧，活性氧能够破坏癌细胞并使病原体失活。为克服药物全身给药的缺点，药物递送系统（DDS）可用于运载PSs，从而实现更高的治疗效果并使毒理学效应降至最低。通过静电纺丝制备的聚合物纳米纤维成为药物递送应用的强大平台。静电纺丝纳米纤维具有突出的特性，如与高载药量相关的大比表面积、高孔隙率、柔韧性、能够包载和释放多种治疗剂、生物相容性和生物可降解性。由于该技术的多功能性，可以制备具有不同形态和功能（包括药物释放曲线）的纤维。可扩展性使得静电纺丝在DDS的开发中更具吸引力。本综述旨在探索并展示静电纺丝纳米纤维作为用于不同光动力疗法应用的药物递送系统的巨大潜力，并讨论该领域的机遇和挑战。
