Shariatzadeh Siavash, Moghimi Negin, Khalafi Farima, Shafiee Sepehr, Mehrabi Mohsen, Ilkhani Saba, Tosan Foad, Nakhaei Pooria, Alizadeh Ali, Varma Rajender S, Taheri Mohammad
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2022 Feb 16;10:847433. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.847433. eCollection 2022.
Cancer is one of the most critical human challenges which endangers many people's lives every year with enormous direct and indirect costs worldwide. Unfortunately, despite many advanced treatments used in cancer clinics today, the treatments are deficiently encumbered with many side effects often encountered by clinicians while deploying general methods such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, or a combination thereof. Due to their low clinical efficacy, numerous side effects, higher economic costs, and relatively poor acceptance by patients, researchers are striving to find better alternatives for treating this life-threatening complication. As a result, Metal nanoparticles (Metal NPs) have been developed for nearly 2 decades due to their important therapeutic properties. Nanoparticles are quite close in size to biological molecules and can easily penetrate into the cell, so one of the goals of nanotechnology is to mount molecules and drugs on nanoparticles and transfer them to the cell. These NPs are effective as multifunctional nanoplatforms for cancer treatment. They have an advantage over routine drugs in delivering anticancer drugs to a specific location. However, targeting cancer sites while performing anti-cancer treatment can be effective in improving the disease and reducing its complications. Among these, the usage of these nanoparticles (NPs) in photodynamic therapy and sonodynamic therapy are notable. Herein, this review is aimed at investigating the effect and appliances of Metal NPs in the modulation tumor microenvironment which bodes well for the utilization of vast and emerging nanomaterial resources.
癌症是人类面临的最严峻挑战之一，每年在全球范围内危及许多人的生命，并带来巨大的直接和间接成本。不幸的是，尽管如今癌症临床治疗中使用了许多先进疗法，但这些疗法存在诸多不足，在采用化疗、放疗、手术或联合使用这些常规方法时，临床医生经常会遇到许多副作用。由于其临床疗效低、副作用多、经济成本高以及患者接受度相对较差，研究人员一直在努力寻找更好的治疗这种危及生命的并发症的替代方法。因此，金属纳米颗粒（Metal NPs）因其重要的治疗特性已被开发了近20年。纳米颗粒的大小与生物分子非常接近，能够轻松穿透细胞，因此纳米技术的目标之一是将分子和药物装载到纳米颗粒上并将它们转运到细胞中。这些纳米颗粒作为多功能纳米平台在癌症治疗中很有效。它们在将抗癌药物输送到特定位置方面比常规药物具有优势。然而，在进行抗癌治疗的同时靶向癌症部位对于改善病情和减少并发症可能是有效的。其中，这些纳米颗粒（NPs）在光动力疗法和超声动力疗法中的应用值得关注。在此，本综述旨在研究金属纳米颗粒在调节肿瘤微环境中的作用和应用，这对于利用大量新兴的纳米材料资源具有良好的前景。
