Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
Front Immunol. 2023 Jul 27;14:1237361. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1237361. eCollection 2023.
Malignant tumors have a unique tumor microenvironment (TME), which includes mild acidity, hypoxia, overexpressed reactive oxygen species (ROS), and high glutathione (GSH) levels, among others. Recently, TME regulation approaches have attracted widespread attention in cancer immunotherapy. Nanoparticles as drug delivery systems have ability to modulate the hydrophilicity of drugs to affect drug uptake and efflux in tumor. Especially, the metal nanoparticles have been extensive applied for tumor immunotherapy due to their unique physical properties and elaborate design. However, the potential deficiencies of metal nanoparticles due to their low biodegradability, toxicity and treatment side effects restrict their clinical application. In this review, we briefly introduce the feature characteristics of the TME and the recent advances in tumor microenvironment responsive metal nanoparticles for tumor immunotherapy. In addition, nanoparticles could be combined with other treatments, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy and photodynamic therapy also is presented. Finally, the challenges and outlook for improving the antitumor immunotherapy efficiency, side effect and potential risks of metal nanoparticles has been discussed.
恶性肿瘤具有独特的肿瘤微环境（TME），包括轻度酸性、缺氧、过表达的活性氧物种（ROS）和高谷胱甘肽（GSH）水平等。最近，TME 调节方法在癌症免疫治疗中引起了广泛关注。纳米粒子作为药物传递系统，具有调节药物亲水性的能力，从而影响肿瘤内药物的摄取和外排。特别是，由于其独特的物理性质和精心设计，金属纳米粒子已被广泛应用于肿瘤免疫治疗。然而，由于金属纳米粒子的低生物降解性、毒性和治疗副作用，其潜在的缺陷限制了它们的临床应用。在这篇综述中，我们简要介绍了 TME 的特征以及用于肿瘤免疫治疗的肿瘤微环境响应性金属纳米粒子的最新进展。此外，还介绍了纳米粒子可以与其他治疗方法（如化疗、放疗和光动力疗法）相结合。最后，讨论了提高金属纳米粒子抗肿瘤免疫治疗效率、副作用和潜在风险的挑战和展望。
